{"text_format":"1","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":17,"sheets":["Disclaimer","Intro - Start","Product or Project Details","CM Calculator","AM Calculator (1)","AM Calculator (2)","Results (1)","AM Advanced Method","Results (2)","Embodied Energy - Material","Embodied Energy - Process","Freight or Transportation","Recycling - End of Life","Units and Tables","Applications","Use Phase","References"],"not_rendered":{"charts":4,"images":2,"macros":1,"external_links":2,"defined_names":47,"comments":3,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

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[null,null,"Disclaimer"]
[null,null,"This tool was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.\n\nAlong with the tool, a report is also being disseminated by the U. S. Department of Energy. As such, the document was prepared in compliance with Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Public Law 106-554) and information quality guidelines issued by the U. S. Department of Energy.  Though this report does not contain \"influential\" information as defined in DOE's information quality guidelines or the Office of Management and Budget's Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review (Bulletin), the study was reviewed both internally and externally prior to publication.  For purposes of external review, the study benefited from the advice and comments of the members of both the life cycle analysis community and additive manufacturing experts on the methodology and utility of the tool. That panel included representatives from national laboratories, private companies, and academic institutions.  As this report and tool are currently in Beta version, additional peer review and comments from experts will be sought over the next 12 months (from the Beta version release date) as the tool is further developed for a full release version. \n\nBeta version for release to America Makes membership and Federal Government use only, further distribution not permitted."]
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[null,null,"For more details on the additive manufacturing life cycle methodology, guidance on the AM Energy Impacts Tool, and some case studies, please refer to the User Guidebook. The guidebook informs RD&D performers on how to perform life cycle energy impacts calculations. Please contact Kelly Visconti (E-mail: kelly.visconti@ee.doe.gov) for all comments and suggestions. Your cooperation and support is greatly appreciated."]

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["AM Energy Impacts Assessment Tool (BETA V.1 - English Units)"]
["ORNL (Last Updated - 09/18/2014)"]
[]
["Note: Please note that this tool is a BETA VERSION. It might not yet have all the functionality you would expect. Contact Kelly Visconti (E-mail: kelly.visconti@ee.doe.gov) for all comments and suggestions."]
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[]
[null,"User Input or Drop Down Menu"]
[null,"Output from Calculations"]
[null,"Energy Output"]
[]
["Scenarios for AM Tool"]
["AM Energy Impacts Assessment Tool can be used to run the following four scenarios:\n"]
[]
["Select scenario for analysis:",null,"Scenario 1"]
[]
["Scenario #","Scenario Details","Approach"]
["Scenario 1","Part manufactured by conventional vs. additive manufacturing","Use tabs - CM Calculator and AM Calculator (1), Outcomes in tab Results (1)."]
["Scenario 2","Additive manufacturing process A vs. process B","Use tabs - AM Calculator 1 and AM Calculator 2, Outcomes in tab Results (2)."]
["Scenario 3","Additive manufacturing process with different part geometries","Use tabs - AM Calculator 1 and AM Calculator 2, Outcomes in tab Results (2)."]
["Scenario 4","Additive manufacturing process with improved efficiency (efficiency 1 vs. 2)","Use tabs - AM Calculator 1 and AM Calculator 2, Outcomes in tab Results (2)."]
[]
["Note - The methodology for the tool is derived from the work of Michael Ashby [M. ASHBY], B. W. Vigon [VIGON 1992], Martin Baumers [BAUMERS 2013], Geert Bergsma [BERGSMA 2013] and some other important references listed in the References tab."]
[]
["Term","Brief Explanation"]
["Life Cycle Analysis","Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a method of determining the real energy used over the lifetime of a product, from cradle to grave. The Additive Manufacturing (AM) process and the products manufactured using the AM process have potential of reducing energy consumption in all life-cycle phases of the product. And hence, there is a need to have a consistent methodology to calculate life cycle energy consumption and savings for RD&D projects in AM that AMO supports to capture the impact of the program investments as well as additive manufacturing as a foundational technology."]
["Primary Energy","Life cycle energy consumption in various phases should be quoted in Primary Energy rather than delivered energy (or end use) units. The primary energy includes generation, transmission, and distribution losses. The primary energy (potential energy) contained in a block of coal used to fire a power station will be many times (e.g. 3.1) greater than the delivered electrical energy at a premises due to heat losses at the power plant and transmission losses in the electricity grid."]
["Life Cycle Phases","LCA includes total five phases: 1. Material, 2. Manufacturing, 3 Freight and Distribution, 4. Use, and 5. Disposal."]
["Material Phase","All the energy required to process a material (or multiple materials) into a form that can be used to fabricate a particular product. This energy consumption is also called the embodied energy of the material."]
["Manufacturing Phase","This phase includes materials processing and product fabrication. Materials Preparation/Processing - The energy required to process a raw material into a form that can be used to fabricate a particular product. For example - producing metal blocks (ingots) or sheets from molten metal or producing extruded wires from polymer material. Transport of intermediate materials is also included. Product Fabrication - The energy required for fabricating a product (using subtractive or additive process) from raw or manufactured materials. Filling/Packaging - Processes that prepare the final product for shipment and that transport the products to retail outlets. "]
["Freight and Distribution Phase","This phase includes Filling/Packaging/Distribution - Processes that prepare the final product for shipment and that transport the products to retail outlets. "]
["Use Phase","Begins after the distribution of products or materials for intended use and includes any activity in which the product or package may be reconditioned, maintained, or serviced to extend its useful life. For example - parts used on the aircrafts, components mounted on vehicles, etc."]
["Disposal (End of Life) Phase","Begins after the part has served its intended purpose and either will enter a new system through recycling or will enter the environment through the waste management system. "]
["Boundary of the product systems","The boundary of the product system can be categorized into two primary and secondary categories. The primary, or zero-order, sequence of activities directly contributes to making, using, or disposing of the product or material. The secondary category includes auxiliary materials or processes that contribute to making or doing something that in turn is in the primary activity sequence. The current version of the tool focuses on the primary activities. "]

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["AM Energy Impacts Assessment Tool - Project Details",null,null,null,null,null,"Part/Product Drawing or Picture:"]
["LCA Phase","Input Parameter","Unit","Value","Notes/Assumptions"]
["Part Information","Part name","Name","Part name","Enter part/product name."]
[null,"Part description","Description","Part description","Provide brief description of the part and its application, etc."]
["Project Information","Reference Number / Project Number","Number",null,"Enter reference number or project number"]
[null,"Date","mm/dd/yyyy","2014-06-13","Enter project submission date"]
[null,"Name","Name ",null,"Provide PI name"]
[]
[null,"User Input or Drop Down Menu"]
[null,"Output"]
[]
["Product/Part Details:"]
[]
[null,"Dimensions, "]
[null,"Conventional manufacturing process details,"]
[null,"Additive manufacturing process details,"]
[null,"Product drawings and process block diagrams in this space …"]

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["AM Energy Impacts Assessment Tool - Conventional Manufacturing Process",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"User Input or Drop Down Menu"]
["LCA Phase","Input Parameter","Unit","Value","Tool Guidance","User Notes and Assumptions",null,null,"Output"]
["Part Information","Part name","Name","Part XYZ","Enter part/product name manufactured by the conventional manufacturing process."]
[null,"Part description","Description","Brief description","Provide brief description of the part and its application, etc."]
["Conventional Manufacturing Process"]
["Typical life-span of the part/product manufactured using conventional method (LSCM)",null,"Years",30,"Enter product life in terms of # of cycles, years, months, or days."]
["Material","Material # 1 consumed to produce final part (M1)","Select","ULTEM 9085 - Pellets","Select material # 1 name from the drop-down list. The current version of the tool allows only two raw materials. "]
[null,"Material # 1 amount - % of total initial mass (M1,%)","%",0.8,"Enter material # 1 amount as a % of total initial mass. If material # 1 amount is < 100%, tools brings up a second material option. "]
[null,"Material # 2 consumed to produce final part (M2)","Select","Polyamide (nylon)","If material # 1 amount is 100%, select \"None\", otherwise select material # 2 name from the drop-down list."]
[null,"Material # 2 Amount - % of total initial mass (M2,%)","%",{"$f":"(1-D8)","v":0.19999999999999996},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"Total input material initial mass (Minitial,CM)","lb/part",0.105,"Enter input material initial mass - this should include scrap, waste, and material loss during the manufacturing process. "]
[null,"Final part mass (Mfinal,CM)","lb/part",9.5000000000000001E-2,"Enter final mass of the component/part after going through all the manufacturing and post-manufacturing processes. "]
[null,"Ratio between initial material used and the weight of the final product - Conventional Manufacturing Process (Minitial,CM/ Mfinal,CM)","Ratio",{"$f":"IF(D12>0,D11/D12,0)","v":1.1052631578947367},"The weight ratio between initial input material used for a component and the weight of the final component itself."]
[null,"Total engineered scrap or waste generated onsite while producing final part (Escrap)","lb/part",{"$f":"D11-D12","v":9.999999999999995E-3},"This is the difference between total input material initial mass and final part mass."]
[null,"Percent of engineered scrap recovered and recycled onsite (Escrap%,recycle)","%",0,"User provides a percent of total engineered scrap recovered and recycled on-site. This is different from the recycled material after end of life. "]
[null,"Material # 1 embodied energy (primary or virgin) (EEpM,1)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D7,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,4,FALSE)","v":56319.913},"Embodied Energy for Material # 1 (primary or virgin) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Material # 1 embodied energy (recycled engineered scrap)  (EEsM,1)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D7,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,5,FALSE)","v":56319.913},"Embodied Energy for Material # 1 (recycled engineered scrap) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Material # 2 embodied energy (primary or virgin) (EEpM,2)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D9,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,4,FALSE)","v":52665.567499999997},"Embodied Energy for Material # 2 (primary or virgin) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Material # 2 embodied energy (recycled engineered scrap) (EEsM,2)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D9,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,5,FALSE)","v":18271.727500000001},"Embodied Energy for Material # 2 (recycled engineered scrap) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Material Phase Energy Use per Part (M_EU_CM)","Btu/part",{"$f":"(D8*D11-D8*(D15*D14))*D16+(D8*(D15*D14)*D17)+(D10*D11-D10*(D15*D14))*D18+(D10*(D15*D14)*D19)","v":5836.8496094999991},"The total material energy per part – the first bar of the bar chart."]
["Manufacturing","Conventional Manufacturing Process Steps (Step A): focuses on primary, secondary, and tertiary shaping and finishing processes since they are generally the most energy-intensive steps of conventional manufacturing."]
[null,"Primary Shaping Process (CM_PP)","Select","Polymers - Molding","Select primary mode of material processing. Metals, typically, are cast, rolled, or forged. Polymers are molded or extruded. "]
[null,"Primary Shaping Process Energy Intensity (EICM_PP)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D22,'Embodied Energy - Process'!A2:C17,3,FALSE)","v":8168.5370000000003},"Energy intensity per lb of initial material for the primary shaping process - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Process\" tab."]
[null,"Secondary Process (machining/joining/finishing) (CM_SP)","Select","None","Select secondary mode of material processing. Secondary processes take a shaped part and add features, join, and finish it."]
[null,"Secondary Process Energy Intensity (EICM_SP)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D24,'Embodied Energy - Process'!$A$20:$C$35,3,FALSE)","v":0},"Energy intensity per lb of material removed by the secondary process - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Process\" tab."]
[null,"% of material removed by secondary process (MCM_SP,%)","%",{"$f":"IF(D24=\"None\",0,IF(D27=\"None\",(D11-D12)/D11,0.9*(D11-D12)/D11))","v":0},"Calculated using equation = 0.9*((Total raw material initial mass - Final part mass)/Total raw material initial mass). It is assumed that 90% of the total mass difference is removed by secondary process."]
[null,"Tertiary Process (machining/joining/finishing) (CM_TP)","Select","None","Select tertiary mode of material processing. Tertiary processes mainly include finishing operations like grinding. "]
[null,"Tertiary Process Energy Intensity (EICM_TP)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D27,'Embodied Energy - Process'!$A$20:$C$35,3,FALSE)","v":0},"Energy intensity per lb of material removed by the tertiary process - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Process\" tab."]
[null,"% of material removed by tertiary process (MCM_TP,%)","%",{"$f":"IF(D27=\"None\",0,0.1*(D11-D12)/D11)","v":0},"Calculated using equation = 0.1*((Total raw material initial mass - Final part mass)/Total raw material initial mass). It is assumed that 10% of the total mass difference is removed by tertiary process."]
[null,"Accounting for Post-machining process or processes (Step B): Part B of manufacturing energy analysis computes energy use per part for post-machining process or processes. "]
[null,"Enter post-machining process or processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.) (CM_PostM)","User defined","None","Manually enter post-machining process or processes. Post-machining processes include heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.). Care should be taken when the energy content of a secondary process is calculated based on batch processing.  When the batch size changes there can be a significant change in the energy intensity per part."]
[null,"Enter post-machining process or processes Energy Intensity (EICM_PostM)","Btu/lb",0,"Provide post-machining process energy intensity. If more than one post-machining processes are involved, calculate combined energy intensity."]
[null,"% of material going through post-machining processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIPing, inspection, etc.) (MCM_PostM,%)","%",0,"Provide % of material going through the post-machining processes. Typically, this number is going to be 100% of the final mass."]
[null,"Accounting for Tooling and Machine Tools (Step C): Part C of manufacturing energy analysis accounts for embodied energy of tooling and machine tools used in the conventional manufacturing process. "]
[null,"Material used for tooling or machine tools (Mtool)","Select","None","Please select material (e.g. tungsten carbide, high speed steel, etc.) used for tooling or machine tools from the drop-down menu. "]
[null,"Embodied Energy per lb of tooling material (EEM,tool)","Btu/lb of tooling material",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D35,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$71:$C$80,3,FALSE)","v":0},"Embodied energy per lb of tooling material - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. Producing carbide tools requires energy intensive materials and processes."]
[null,"Number of tooling or machine tools needed ( Notool)","No. of tools",null,"Enter total number of tooling and machine tools needed during all the manufacturing steps."]
[null,"Average mass of tooling and machine tools (AMtool)","lb/tool",null,"Provide average mass of tooling and machine tools used in the process."]
[null,"Tooling manufacturing energy intensity (includes sintering, physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition) (EITool,mnf)","Btu/lb of tool",{"$f":"IF(D37*D38>0,(3788.35*D37)/(D37*D38),0)","v":0},"Estimated on the order of 947 to 1,894 Btu (1 to 2 MJ) per process per cutting insert. We will assume 2 tooling manufacturing steps and 1,894 Btu per step."]
[null,"Total number of parts produced during tooling lifetime. (Noparts)","No. of parts/lifetime",null,"Due to their relatively long life, the energy cost of tools and tool maintenance is often amortized over numerous products, thereby making the energy impact relatively insignificant on a per part basis."]
[null,"Conventional manufacturing process embodied energy use (EECM)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF(D35=\"None\", D23+(D26*D25)+(D29*D28)+(D33*D32),IF((D40*D11)>0,D23+(D26*D25)+(D29*D28)+(D33*D32)+((D36*D37*D38+D37*D38*D39)/(D40*D11)), D23+(D26*D25)+(D29*D28)+(D33*D32)))","v":8168.5370000000003},"Calculated embodied energy for the conventional manufacturing process by taking into consideration Manufacturing Phase Parts A, B, and C."]
[null,"Manufacturing energy use per Part (CM_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"D11*D41","v":857.69638499999996},"The total manufacturing energy use per part – the second bar of the bar chart."]
["Freight and Distribution","Analysis Level (FD_AL)","Select","Simple","Select analysis level - Simple or Intermediate. Depending upon analysis level, user gets more granularity in terms of freight and distribution modes and associated energy intensities. "]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Primary Mode) (FDmodeprimary)","Select","Airplane","Select freight and distribution primary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Primary Mode) (EIFD,primary)","Btu/lb/mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D44,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$4:$D$8,4,FALSE)","v":24.756010986527762},"The approximate energy of transportation  (primary mode) – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab. "]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by primary mode","miles",12000,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the primary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. Use this for international part of the freight. "]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Secondary Mode) (FDmodesecondary)","Select","Long-Distance Truck","Select freight and distribution secondary mode. "]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Secondary Mode) (EIFD,secondary)","Btu/lb/mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D47,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$4:$D$8,4,FALSE)","v":3.0627328334267716},"The approximate energy of transportation (secondary mode)  – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab. "]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by secondary mode (DISTFD,secondary)","miles",4000,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the secondary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. Use this for domestic part of the freight. "]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Primary Mode) (FDmodeprimary)","Select","32 metric ton truck - Diesel","Select freight and distribution primary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Primary Mode) (EIFD,primary)","Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D50,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$24:$C$41,3,FALSE)","v":0.65038158199999996},"The approximate energy of transportation  (primary mode) – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab."]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by primary mode (DISTFD,primary)","miles/mode",1188.683,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the primary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. User can use this mode to cover international portion of the freight too."]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Secondary Mode) (FDmodesecondary)","Select","Light goods vehicle - Diesel","Select freight and distribution secondary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Secondary Mode) (EIFD,secondary)","Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D53,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$24:$C$41,3,FALSE)","v":1.72973825},"The approximate energy of transportation (secondary mode)  – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab."]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by secondary mode (DISTFD,secondary)","miles/mode",2141.2449999999999,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the secondary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. User can use this mode to cover domestic portion of the freight too."]
[null,"Freight and distribution energy use per part (FD_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D43=\"Simple\",D12*(D45*D46+D48*D49), IF(D43=\"Intermediate\",D12*(D51*D52+D54*D55),D12*(D51*D52+D54*D55)))","v":29385.691001343821},"The total freight and distribution energy use per part – the third bar of the bar chart."]
["Use","Typical life-span of the product manufactured using conventional method (P_Life)","Years",30,"Product life-span in years. If you know the product life-span in days/months/# cycles, convert it intonumber of years. "]
[null,"Sector/application area where this part is being used (APP_Area)","Select","Transportation","Select sector/application area from: Transportation, Commercial Buildings, Residential, Industry, and Space. Select sector/application area from: Transportation, Commercial Buildings, Residential, and Industry. Transportation sector includes cars, trucks, buses, aircrafts, and even space shuttles. The \"transportation + other\" scenario takes care of applications where AM product is installed on or carried by a moving vehicle and also improving energy conversion efficiency (electric to thermal, thermal to mechanical, etc.). Under this scenario, the use phase energy consumption per part is the summation of transport and energy conversion related impacts."]
[null,"If the use phase is in transportation sector: Products that form part of, or are carried by, a transportation system add to its mass and thereby augment its energy burden. Strategy is to minimize mass and rolling resistance if the product is part of a system that moves."]
[null,"Is this product part of or carried by a vehicle? (Yes/No)","Select","Yes","Select Yes/No. If a product that form part of, or are carried by, a transportation system; select Yes, else select No."]
[null,"Select fuel and mobility type (Trans_Type)","Select","Short haul aircraft - Kerosene","Select transportation or mobility mode."]
[null,"Average energy use (EITrans)","Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D61,'Use Phase'!$A$4:$D$24,3,FALSE)","v":2.1822377762},"Average energy use per weight per distance – pulled from “Use Phase” Tab. In principle, average energy use by mobility type in the use phase should be different from the freight and distribution phase. Use phase energy numbers should be just the additional energy use associated with an increase in mass, whereas freight energy use should include not only the energy use associated with additional mass, but also a share of the baseline energy use needed to move the vehicle even if it were not carrying any weight.  "]
[null,"Distance travelled per day (DISTday)","miles/day",2485.4850000000001,"Enter usage pattern"]
[null,"Usage (DAYSyear)","days/year",200,"Enter usage pattern"]
[null,"Average energy use per lb of payload mass (only if the mobility type in cell D61 is \"Spacecraft\") (EIspace)","Btu/lb per flight",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D61,'Use Phase'!$A$4:$D$24,3,FALSE)","v":2.1822377762},"NASA's space shuttle consumes around 5 TJ of solid propellant and 15 TJ of hydrogen fuel to lift the 100,000 kg vehicle (including the 25,000 kg payload) to an altitude of 111 km."]
[null,"Number of flights per year (only if the mobility type in cell D61 is \"Spacecraft\") (Noflights)","No. flights per year",null,"Number of shuttle flights per year. "]
[null,"Use phase life time energy use per unit mass (UP_EI)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF(D61=\"Spacecraft\", (D65*D66*D57), (D62*D63*D64*D57))","v":32543515.555070747},"Calculated value. "]
[null,"If the use phase is in other sectors: Some products are normally static but require energy to perform their function. Strategy is to increase thermal efficiency if the product is a thermal or thermo-mechanical system, or reduce electrical losses if the product is an electromechanical system."]
[null,"Does this product require energy to perform its function? (Yes/No)","Select","No"," Select Yes/No"]
[null,"Please select energy conversion type (E_IO)","Select","Electric to Thermal","Select energy in and out"]
[null,"Average power drawn by the system while in operation (PW_Rate)","KW",null,"Enter power in KW. Take into consideration full load, partial load, and standby mode power usage while calculating AVERAGE power drawn by the system.  (note: 1 KW = 3412.1 Btu per hour)"]
[null,"Approximate Usage (days per year) (DAYSyear)","days/year",null,"Enter usage pattern - Take into consideration and adjust for full load, partial load, and standby modes while calculating the usage pattern. "]
[null,"Approximate Usage (hours per day) (HOURSday)","hr/day",null,"Enter usage pattern - Take into consideration and adjust for full load, partial load, and standby modes while calculating the usage pattern. "]
[null,"Use phase energy use per part (UP_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D58=\"Transportation\",D67*D12, IF(D58=\"Transportation and Other Sector\",D67*D12+D71*D72*D73*D57*3412.14163, D71*D72*D73*D57*3412.14163 ))","v":3091633.977731721},"The total use phase energy use per part – the fourth bar of the bar chart."]
["Disposal (End of Life)","PRIMARY disposal method for material # 1 (DISPM1,Pmode)","Select","Landfill","Please select primary disposal method option for material # 1 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 1 disposed through the selected PRIMARY disposal method (DISPM1,%, Pmode)","% of final part mass",1,"A fraction of material # 1 disposed using user selected primary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated) (EEsM,1 - EEpM,1)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"D17-D16","v":0},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)  (EEM1,other, Pmode)","Btu/lb",18271.727500000001,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 1 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"SECONDARY disposal method for material # 1 (DISPM1,Smode)","Select","Landfill","Please select secondary disposal method option for material # 1 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 1 disposed through the selected SECONDARY disposal method (DISPM1,%, Smode)","% of final part mass",{"$f":"(1-D76)","v":0},"A fraction of material # 1 disposed using user selected secondary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated) ((EEsM,1 - EEpM,1))","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D17-D16)","v":0},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input) (EEM1,other, Smode)","Btu/lb",18271.727500000001,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 1 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) energy use per part - Material # 1","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D75=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D12*D8*(D76*D77),IF(D75=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D12*D8*(D76*D77),D12*D8*(D76*D78)))+IF(D79=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D12*D8*(D80*D81),IF(D79=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D12*D8*(D80*D81),D12*D8*(D80*D82)))","v":1388.6512900000002},"The total disposal energy use per part for Material # 1. Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]
[null,"PRIMARY disposal method for material # 2 (DISPM2,Pmode)","Select","Open-loop Recycling","Please select primary disposal method option for material # 2 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 2 disposed through the selected PRIMARY disposal method  (DISPM2,%, Pmode)","% of final part mass",0.9,"A fraction of material # 2 disposed using user selected primary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)  (EEsM,2 - EEpM,2)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D19-D18)","v":-34393.839999999997},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)  (EEM2,other, Pmode)","Btu/lb",1000,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 2 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"SECONDARY disposal method for material # 2 (DISPM2,Smode)","Select","Abandon in Place","Please select secondary disposal method option for material # 2 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 2 disposed through the selected SECONDARY disposal method  (DISPM2,%, Smode)","% of final part mass",{"$f":"(1-D85)","v":9.9999999999999978E-2},"A fraction of material # 2 disposed using user selected secondary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated) ((EEsM,2 - EEpM,2))","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D19-D18)","v":-34393.839999999997},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)  (EEM2,other, Smode)","Btu/lb",1000,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 2 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) energy use per part - Material # 2","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D84=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D12*D10*(D85*D86),IF(D84=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D12*D10*(D85*D86),D12*D10*(D76*D78)))+IF(D88=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D12*D10*(D89*D90),IF(D88=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D12*D10*(D89*D90),D12*D10*(D89*D91)))","v":-586.23466399999984},"The total disposal energy use per part for Material # 2. Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) energy use per part (DISP_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D8=1,D83,(D83+D92))","v":802.41662600000041},"The total disposal energy use per part – the fifth bar of the bar chart. Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]

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["AM Energy Impacts Assessment Tool - Additive Manufacturing Process",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"User Input or Drop Down Menu"]
["LCA Phase","Input Parameter","Unit","Value","Tool Guidance","User Notes and Assumptions",null,null,"Output"]
["Part Information","Part name","Name","Part XYZ","Enter part/product name manufactured by the additive manufacturing process under consideration."]
[null,"Part description","Description","Brief description","Provide brief description of the part and its application, etc."]
["Additive Manufacturing Process"]
["Typical life-span of the product manufactured using the Additive Manufacturing Process (LSAM)",null,"Years",30,"Enter product life in terms of # of cycles, years, months, or days."]
["Material","Additive Manufacturing Process/Technique (AMTech)","Select","Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Polymers ","Select the type of additive manufacturing process to evaluate"]
[null,"Material # 1 consumed to produce final part (M1)","Select","ULTEM 9085 - Extruded Filament","Select material # 1 name from the drop-down list. The current version of the tool allows only two raw materials. "]
[null,"Material # 1 Amount - % of total initial mass (M1,%)","%",0.8,"Enter material # 1 amount as a % of total initial mass. If material # 1 amount is < 100%, tool brings up a second material option. "]
[null,"Material # 2 consumed to produce final part (M2)","Select","Polyamide (nylon)","If material # 1 amount is 100%, select \"None\", otherwise select material # 2 name from the drop-down list."]
[null,"Material # 2 Amount - % of total initial mass  (M2,%)","%",{"$f":"(1-D9)","v":0.19999999999999996},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"% Reduction in material Initial mass w.r.t. CM Process (Minitial,%Red)","%",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!C14=\"Scenario 1\", ('CM Calculator'!$D$11-$D$14)/'CM Calculator'!$D$11,(D14-$D$14)/D14)","v":1.9047619047619067E-2},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"% Reduction in Final part mass w.r.t. CM Process (Mfinal,%Red)","%",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!C14=\"Scenario 1\",('CM Calculator'!$D$12-$D$15)/'CM Calculator'!$D$12,(D15-$D$15)/D15)","v":7.3684210526315852E-2},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"Total input material initial mass (Minitial,AM)","lb/part",0.10299999999999999,"Enter input material initial mass - this should include scrap, waste, and material loss during the manufacturing process. "]
[null,"Final part mass (Mfinal,AM)","lb/part",8.7999999999999995E-2,"Enter final mass of the component/part after going through all the manufacturing and post-manufacturing processes. "]
[null,"Ratio between initial material used and the weight of the final product - Additive Manufacturing Process (Minitial,AM/ Mfinal,AM)","Ratio",{"$f":"IF(D15>0,D14/D15,0)","v":1.1704545454545454},"The weight ratio between initial input material used for a component and the weight of the final component itself."]
[null,"Total engineered scrap or waste generated onsite while producing final part (Escrap)","lb/part",{"$f":"D14-D15","v":1.4999999999999999E-2},"This is the difference between total input material initial mass and final part mass."]
[null,"Percent of engineered scrap or waste material recovered and recycled onsite (Escrap%,recycle)","%",0,"User provides a percent of total engineered scrap or waste material recovered and recycled on-site. This is different from the recycled material after end of life. "]
[null,"Material # 1 embodied energy (primary or virgin) (EEpM,1)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D8,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,4,FALSE)","v":58469.527999999998},"Embodied Energy for Material # 1 (primary or virgin) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Material # 1 embodied energy (recycled engineered scrap) (EEsM,1)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D8,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,5,FALSE)","v":58469.527999999998},"Embodied Energy for Material # 1 (secondary or recycled) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Material # 2 embodied energy (primary or virgin) (EEpM,2)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D10,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,4,FALSE)","v":52665.567499999997},"Embodied Energy for Material # 2 (primary or virgin) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Material # 2 embodied energy (recycled engineered scrap)  (EEsM,2)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D10,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,5,FALSE)","v":18271.727500000001},"Embodied Energy for Material # 2 (secondary or recycled) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Raw Material Energy Use per Part (M_EU_AM)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!C14=\"Scenario 1\", ('CM Calculator'!$D$6/'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$6)*(D9*D14-D9*(D18*D17))*D19+(D9*(D18*D17)*D20)+(D11*D14-D11*(D18*D17))*D21+(D11*(D18*D17)*D22),(D9*D14-D9*(D18*D17))*D19+(D9*(D18*D17)*D20)+(D11*D14-D11*(D18*D17))*D21+(D11*(D18*D17)*D22))","v":5902.7997976999995},"The total material energy per part – the first bar of the bar chart."]
["Manufacturing","Analysis Level (M_AL)","Select","Simple","Analysis levels - Simple, Intermediate, and Advanced"]
[null,"Additive manufacturing process embodied energy use (Simple Method Starts Here) (EIAM_PP)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D7,'Embodied Energy - Process'!A40:E50,3,FALSE)","v":76526.293999999994},"Simple method uses published data based on the type of the AM method (SLM, DMLS, EBM, LS, FDM, and Other)"]
[null,"Secondary Process (machining/joining/finishing) (AM_SP)","Select","Other Secondary Process","Secondary mode of material processing."]
[null,"Secondary Process Energy Intensity (EIAM_SP)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D26,'Embodied Energy - Process'!$A$20:$C$35,3,FALSE)","v":0},"Embodied energy per lb processed for the secondary process."]
[null,"% of material removed by secondary process (MAM_SP,%)","%",{"$f":"IF(D26=\"None\",0,(D14-D15)/D14)","v":0.14563106796116504},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"Enter post-machining process or processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.) (AM_PostM)","User defined","None","Manually enter post-machining process or processes. Post-machining processes include heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.). Care should be taken when the energy content of a secondary process is calculated based on batch processing.  When the batch size changes there can be a significant change in the energy intensity per part."]
[null,"Enter post-additive manufacturing process or processes energy intensity  (EIAM_PostM)","Btu/lb",0,"Provide post-machining process energy intensity. If multiple post-machining processes are involved, calculate combined energy intensity."]
[null,"% of material going through post-additive manufacturing processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIPing, inspection, etc.) (MAM_PostM,%)","% of final part mass",0,"Provide % of final part mass going through the post-machining processes. Typically, this number is going to be 100%."]
[null,"Additive Manufacturing process embodied energy use (Simple Method Starts Here) (EIAM_PP) (EEAM,Simple)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"D25+D28*D27+D31*D30","v":76526.293999999994},"Embodied energy of additive manufacturing process using the simple method."]
[null,"Machine Model (Intermediate Method Starts Here) (AM_Machine)","Enter ","Model A","Intermediate method uses the NAME PLATE data based on the Machine Specs and part material."]
[null,"Total Build Time or Production Time (T_build)","hr/build",10,"Total production time includes machine tool cleaning, preheating, exposure, recoating, and cooling down. Total production time includes machine tool cleaning, preheating, exposure, recoating, and cooling down. Include cleaning time only if a machine needs cleaning for each cycle. However, if maintenance, cleaning, etc. takes place during non-production shifts, then do not include it here."]
[null,"Number of parts produced per build operation (NP)","Number of parts/build",4,"This steps accounts for multiple parts in a single build and its impact on energy."]
[null,"Average Power Level in Standby, Preheating, and Cooling Down Modes (Pstandby)","kW",1.5,"Take an average of energy consumption per hour in Standby, Preheating, and Cooling Down Modes. Take an average of energy consumption per hour in Standby, Preheating, and Cooling Down Modes. During preheating there will be a constant energy flow to bring the system to operating temperature, much like preheating an oven. During the build the two large power consumers will be maintaining the environmental temperature and portion of the system depositing raw material (laser, extruder, etc.). Stand-by will involve intermittent power consumption to keep the system at a holding temperature without material deposition. "]
[null,"% of total build time the machine is in Standby, Preheating, and Cooling Down Modes (Standby%)","%",0.3,"Enter % of total build time the machine is in Standby, Preheating, and Cooling Down Modes."]
[null,"Average Energy Consumption per hour (kW) when AM machine is in production mode (Pprod)","kW",4.5,"Average Power Level in Heating, Exposure, and Recoating Mode."]
[null,"% of total build time the machine is in production mode and producing parts (Prod%)","%",{"$f":"(1-D37)","v":0.7},"Calculated. % of total build time the machine is in Heating, Exposure, and Recoating Mode."]
[null,"AM Process Productivity (AMProductivity)","lb/hr",0.45,"Enter machine productivity in terms of lbs of raw material processed per hour. This depends upon machine type, AM process type, material, the total batch volume (V) and production batch height (h). "]
[null,"Secondary Process (machining/joining/finishing) (AM_SP)","Select","Other Secondary Process","Secondary mode of material processing."]
[null,"Secondary Process Energy Intensity (EIAM_SP)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D41,'Embodied Energy - Process'!$A$20:$C$35,3,FALSE)","v":0},"Embodied energy per lb processed for the secondary process."]
[null,"% of material removed by secondary process (MAM_SP,%)","%",{"$f":"IF(D41=\"None\",0,(D14-D15)/D14)","v":0.14563106796116504},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"Enter post-machining process or processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.) (AM_PostM)","User defined","None","Manually enter post-machining process or processes. Post-machining processes include heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.). Care should be taken when the energy content of a secondary process is calculated based on batch processing.  When the batch size changes there can be a significant change in the energy intensity per part."]
[null,"Enter post-additive manufacturing process or processes energy intensity  (EIAM_PostM)","Btu/lb",0,"Provide post-machining process energy intensity. If multiple post-machining processes are involved, calculate combined energy intensity."]
[null,"% of material going through post-additive manufacturing processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIPing, inspection, etc.) (MAM_PostM,%)","% of final part mass",0,"Provide % of final part mass going through the post-machining processes. Typically, this number is going to be 100%."]
[null,"Additive Manufacturing process embodied energy use (EEAM,Intermd)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"3412.14163*((D34*D36*D37)/(D35*D14))+3412.14163*((D34*D38*D39)/(D35*D14))+(D43*D42)+(D46*D45)","v":298148.29776699032},"Embodied energy of additive manufacturing process using the intermediate method."]
[null,"Build Time Estimation (Advanced Method Starts Here): The estimate for total build time, TBuild, is obtained by combining data from a hierarchy of elements of time consumption."]
[null,"Part name (PN_AM)","Name",{"$f":"D3","v":"Part XYZ"},"Use the method of build time estimation and energy consumption estimation based on the part geometry, material, and machine specs. This method is documented in the article \"Transparency Built in, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2012). This is a  a bottom up approach method."]
[null,"Number of parts produced per build operation (NP)","Number of parts/build",4,"This step accounts for multiple parts in a single build and its impact on energy."]
[null,"Fixed time consumption per build operation (Tjob)","seconds/build",null,"Provide fixed time consumption per build operation irrespective of number of parts produced. For example, time required for machine atmosphere generation and machine warm-up. "]
[null,"Fixed time consumption per layer (TPer_Layer)","seconds per layer",null,"Time required for completing one layer of the material. "]
[null,"The total number of build layers (l)","layers/build",null,"Total number of layers per build operation. "]
[null,"Total layer dependent time consumption (Tlayer)","seconds/build",{"$f":"D52*D53","v":0},"Obtained by multiplying the fixed time consumption per layer, TLayer, by the total number of build layers l;"]
[null,"The total build time needed for the deposition of part\ngeometry approximated by the voxels (Tvoxel)","seconds/build",null,"The summation of the time needed to process each voxel, TVoxel xyz, in a three-dimensional array representing the discretized build configuration"]
[null,"Build Time per Part (TBuild = (TJob + TLayer +  Tvoxel)/NP)","seconds/part",{"$f":"IF(D50>0,(D51+D54+D55)/D50,0)","v":0},"A voxel (volumetric pixel or Volumetric Picture Element) is a volume element, representing a value on a regular grid in three dimensional space."]
[null,"Energy Consumption Estimation:"]
[null,"Fixed energy consumption per build operation (Ejob)","Btu/build",null,"EJob contains all energy consumption attributable to the build job irrespective of number of parts produced per build operation, including energy consumed by the wire erosion process to remove the parts from the build plate."]
[null,"Time-dependent energy consumption rate (ETime_Rate)","Btu/second",null,"A purely time-dependent element of power consumption must be expected in the continuous operation of the AM machine. This is denoted by the energy consumption rate ETime_Rate (measured in MJ/s), which is multiplied by TBuild to estimate total time-dependent energy consumption. Modeling ETime as a constant reflects its interpretation as a mean baseline level of energy consumption throughout the build, originating from continuously operating machine components such as cooling fans, pumps, and the control system."]
[null,"Time-dependent energy consumption (ETime = ETime_Rate * Tbuild)","Btu/build",{"$f":"D59*D56","v":0},"Obtained by multiplying the time dependent energy consumption rate by the total build time."]
[null,"Fixed energy consumption per layer (EPer_Layer)","Btu/layer",null,"Provide fixed energy consumption amount per layer. "]
[null,"The total number of build layers (l)","layers/build",{"$f":"D53","v":0},"Total number of layers per build operation. "]
[null,"Total layer dependent energy consumption (Elayer)","Btu/build",{"$f":"D61*D62","v":0},"Analogous to build time estimation, ELayer denotes fixed elements of energy consumption per build and layer, for a total number of layers, l."]
[null,"The energy needed for the deposition of part\ngeometry approximated by the voxels (Evoxel)","Btu/part",null,"Evoxel is the geometry-dependent energy consumption that can be obtained by adding all energy consumption associated with voxel deposition throughout the discretized workplace. Please note that EVoxel does not contain time-dependent power consumption."]
[null,"Build Energy Consumption per Part (EBuild = [Ejob/NP + (ETime_Rate × TBuild) + (EPer_Layer × l )/NP + Evoxel]","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D50>0,((D58/D50+(D59*D56)+(D61*D62)/D50+D64)),0)","v":0},"Total build energy consumption which is the summation of Ejob, Etime, Elayer, and Evoxel. Please note - fixed energy consumption per build operation is divided by number of parts produced per build operation."]
[null,"Manufacturing Embodied Energy Estimation:"]
[null,"Build Energy Consumption per Part (Ebuild)","Btu/part",{"$f":"D65","v":0},"As calculated above. "]
[null,"Total input material initial mass (Mfinal,AM)","lb/part",{"$f":"D14","v":0.10299999999999999},"As provided above. Total input material initial mass which is going through all the manufacturing and post-manufacturing processes. "]
[null,"Secondary Process (machining/joining/finishing) (AM_SP)","Select","Other Secondary Process","Secondary mode of material processing."]
[null,"Secondary Process Energy Intensity (EIAM_SP)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D69,'Embodied Energy - Process'!$A$20:$C$35,3,FALSE)","v":0},"Embodied energy per lb processed for the secondary process."]
[null,"% of material removed by secondary process (MAM_SP,%)","%",{"$f":"IF(D69=\"None\",0,(D14-D15)/D14)","v":0.14563106796116504},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"Enter post-machining process or processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.) (AM_PostM)","User defined","None","Manually enter post-machining process or processes. Post-machining processes include heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.). Care should be taken when the energy content of a secondary process is calculated based on batch processing.  When the batch size changes there can be a significant change in the energy intensity per part."]
[null,"Enter post-additive manufacturing process or processes energy intensity  (EIAM_PostM)","Btu/lb",0,"Provide post-machining process energy intensity. If more than one post-machining processes are involved, calculate combined energy intensity."]
[null,"% of material going through post-additive manufacturing processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIPing, inspection, etc.) (MAM_PostM,%)","% of final part mass",0,"Provide % of final part mass going through the post-machining processes. Typically, this number is going to be 100%."]
[null,"Additive Manufacturing process embodied energy use (EEAM,Advanced)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF(D68=0,0,(D67/D68)+D71*D70+D74*D73)","v":0},"This is obtained by adding build energy consumption intensity and post-additive manufacturing processes energy intensities. "]
[null,"Manufacturing energy use per Part (AM_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!$C$14=\"Scenario 1\",('CM Calculator'!$D$6/'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$6)*IF(D24=\"Simple\",D32*(D14),IF(D24=\"Intermediate\",D47*(D14),D75*(D14))),IF(D24=\"Simple\",D32*(D14),IF(D24=\"Intermediate\",D47*(D14),D75*(D14))))","v":7882.2082819999987},"The total manufacturing energy per part – the first bar of the bar chart."]
["Freight and Distribution","Analysis Level (FD_AL)","Select","Simple","Select analysis level - Simple or Intermediate. Intermediate level provides more granularity in terms of freight and distribution modes and associated energy intensities."]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Primary Mode)  (FDmodeprimary)","Select","Ship","Select freight and distribution primary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Primary Mode) EIFD,primary)","Btu/lb/mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D78,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$4:$D$8,4,FALSE)","v":0.83690835669069774},"The approximate energy of transportation  (primary mode) – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab."]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by primary mode (DISTFD,primary)","miles",4000,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the primary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. Use this for international part of the freight."]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Secondary Mode) (FDmodesecondary)","Select","Long-Distance Truck","Select freight and distribution secondary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Secondary Mode)","Btu/lb/mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D81,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$4:$D$8,4,FALSE)","v":3.0627328334267716},"The approximate energy of transportation (secondary mode)  – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab."]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by secondary mode  (DISTFD,secondary)","miles",250,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the secondary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. Use this for domestic part of the freight."]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Primary Mode)  (FDmodeprimary)","Select","32 metric ton truck - Diesel","Select freight and distribution primary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Primary Mode))  (EIFD,primary)","Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D84,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$24:$C$41,3,FALSE)","v":0.65038158199999996},"The approximate energy of transportation  (primary mode) – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab."]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by primary mode (DISTFD,primary)","miles/mode",1188.683,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the primary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. User can use this mode to cover international portion of the freight too."]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Secondary Mode) (FDmodesecondary)","Select","Light goods vehicle - Diesel","Select freight and distribution secondary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Secondary Mode) (EIFD,secondary)","Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D87,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$24:$C$41,3,FALSE)","v":1.72973825},"The approximate energy of transportation (secondary mode)  – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab."]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by secondary mode  (DISTFD,secondary)","miles/mode",2141.2449999999999,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the secondary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. User can use this mode to cover domestic part of the freight too."]
[null,"Freight and distribution energy use per part (FD_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!$C$14=\"Scenario 1\",('CM Calculator'!$D$6/'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$6)*IF(D77=\"Simple\",D15*(D79*D80+D82*D83), IF(D77=\"Intermediate\",D15*(D85*D86+D88*D89),D15*(D85*D86+D88*D89))),IF(D77=\"Simple\",D15*(D79*D80+D82*D83), IF(D77=\"Intermediate\",D15*(D85*D86+D88*D89),D15*(D85*D86+D88*D89))))","v":361.97186389051456},"The total freight and distribution energy use per part – the third bar of the bar chart."]
["Use","Typical life-span of the product manufactured using Additive Manufacturing Process (P_Life)","Years",30,"Product life-span in years. If you know the product life-span in days/months/# cycles, convert it into number of years. "]
[null,"Sector/application area where this part is being used (APP_Area)","Select","Transportation","Select sector/application area from: Transportation, Commercial Buildings, Residential, and Industry. Transportation sector includes cars, trucks, buses, aircrafts, and even space shuttles. The \"transportation + other\" scenario takes care of applications where AM product is installed on or carried by a moving vehicle and also improving energy conversion efficiency (electric to thermal, thermal to mechanical, etc.). Under this scenario, the use phase energy consumption per part is the summation of transport and energy conversion related impacts."]
[null,"If the use phase is in transportation sector: Products that form part of, or are carried by, a transportation system add to its mass and thereby augment its energy burden. Strategy is to minimize mass and rolling resistance if the product is part of a system that moves."]
[null,"Is this product part of or carried by a vehicle? (Yes/No)","Select","Yes","If a product that form part of, or are carried by, a transportation system; select Yes, else select No."]
[null,"Select fuel and mobility type (APP_Area)","Select","Short haul aircraft - Kerosene","Select transportation or mobility mode."]
[null,"Average energy use (EITrans)","Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D95,'Use Phase'!$A$4:$D$24,3,FALSE)","v":2.1822377762},"Average energy use per weight per distance – pulled from “Use Phase” Tab. In principle, average energy use by mobility type in the use phase should be different from the freight and distribution phase. Use phase energy numbers should be just the additional energy use associated with an increase in mass, whereas freight energy use should include not only the energy use associated with additional mass, but also a share of the baseline energy use needed to move the vehicle even if it were not carrying any weight. "]
[null,"Distance travelled per day (DISTday)","miles/day",2485.4850000000001,"Enter usage pattern"]
[null,"Usage  (DAYSyear)","days/year",200,"Enter usage pattern"]
[null,"Average energy use per lb of payload mass (only if the mobility type in cell D95 is \"Spacecraft\") (EIspace)","Btu/lb per flight",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D95,'Use Phase'!$A$4:$D$24,3,FALSE)","v":2.1822377762},"NASA's space shuttle consumes around 5 TJ of solid propellant and 15 TJ of hydrogen fuel to lift the 100,000 kg vehicle (including the 25,000 kg payload) to an altitude of 111 km."]
[null,"Number of flights per year (only if the mobility type in cell D95 is \"Spacecraft\") (Noflights)","No. flights per year",null,"Number of shuttle flights per year. "]
[null,"Use phase life time energy use per unit mass (UP_EI)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF(D95=\"Spacecraft\", (D99*D100*D91), (D96*D97*D98*D91))","v":32543515.555070747},"Calculated value. "]
[null,"If the use phase is in other sectors: Some products are normally static but require energy to perform their function. Strategy is to increase thermal efficiency if the product is a thermal or thermo-mechanical system, or reduce electrical losses if the product is an electromechanical system."]
[null,"Does this product require energy to perform its function? (Yes/No)","Select","Yes","Select Yes/No. If a product is normally static but requires energy to perform their function, select Yes, else select No."]
[null,"Please select energy conversion type (E_IO)","Select","Fossil fuel to Mechanical","Select energy in and out"]
[null,"Average power drawn by the system while in operation (PW_Rate)","KW",null,"Enter power in KW. Take into consideration full load, partial load, and standby mode power usage while calculating AVERAGE power drawn by the system.  (note: 1 KW = 3412.1 Btu per hour)"]
[null,"Improvement in system efficiency from scenario 1 to 2 (only used while comparing CM and AM scenarios) (EFF_IMP)","%",null,"Improvement in system efficiency from scenario 1 to 2 scenario due to improved part geometry, reduced weight, improved performance, etc. If there is no improvement then use 0%.   "]
[null,"Approximate Usage (days per year) (DAYSyear)","days/year",null,"Enter usage pattern - Take into consideration and adjust for full load, partial load, and standby mode power usage while calculating the usage pattern. "]
[null,"Approximate Usage (hours per day) (HOURSday)","hr/day",null,"Enter usage pattern - Take into consideration and adjust for full load, partial load, and standby modes while calculating the usage pattern. "]
[null,"Use phase energy use per part (UP_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!$C$14=\"Scenario 1\",('CM Calculator'!$D$6/'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$6)*IF(D92=\"Transportation\",D101*D15,IF(D92=\"Transportation and Other Sector\",D101*D15+(1-D106)* D105*D107*D108*D91*3412.14163,(1-D106)* D105*D107*D108*D91*3412.14163)),IF(D92=\"Transportation\",D101*D15,IF(D92=\"Transportation and Other Sector\",D101*D15+ D105*D107*D108*D91*3412.14163,D105*D107*D108*D91*3412.14163)))","v":2863829.3688462256},"The total use phase energy use per part – the fourth bar of the bar chart."]
["Disposal (End of Life)","PRIMARY disposal method for material # 1 (DISPM1,Pmode)","Select","Landfill","Please select primary disposal method option for material # 1 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 1 disposed through the selected PRIMARY disposal method (DISPM1,%, Pmode)","% of final part mass",1,"A fraction of material # 1 disposed using user selected primary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated) (EEsM,1 - EEpM,1)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D20-D19)","v":0},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input) (EEM1,other, Pmode)","Btu/lb",18271.727500000001,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 1 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"SECONDARY disposal method for material # 1 (DISPM1,Smode)","Select","Landfill","Please select secondary disposal method option for material # 1 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 1 disposed through the selected SECONDARY disposal method (DISPM1,%, Smode)","% of final part mass",{"$f":"(1-D111)","v":0},"A fraction of material # 1 disposed using user selected secondary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated) (EEsM,1 - EEpM,1)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D20-D19)","v":0},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)  (EEM1,other, Smode)","Btu/lb",18271.727500000001,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 1 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) energy use per part - Material # 1","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D110=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D15*D9*(D111*D112),IF(D110=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D15*D9*(D111*D112),D15*D9*(D111*D113)))+IF(D114=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D15*D9*(D115*D116),IF(D114=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D15*D9*(D115*D116),D15*D9*(D115*D117)))","v":1286.3296160000002},"The total disposal energy use per part for Material # 1. Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]
[null,"PRIMARY disposal method for material # 2 (DISPM2,Pmode)","Select","Open-loop Recycling","Please select primary disposal method option for material # 2 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 2 disposed through the selected PRIMARY disposal method (DISPM2,%, Pmode)","% of final part mass",0.9,"A fraction of material # 2 disposed using user selected primary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated) (EEsM,2 - EEpM,2)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D22-D21)","v":-34393.839999999997},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input) (EEM2,other, Pmode)","Btu/lb",1000,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 2 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"SECONDARY disposal method for material # 2 (DISPM2,Smode)","Select","Abandon in Place","Please select secondary disposal method option for material # 2 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 2 disposed through the selected SECONDARY disposal method (DISPM2,%, Smode)","% of final part mass",{"$f":"(1-D120)","v":9.9999999999999978E-2},"A fraction of material # 2 disposed using user selected secondary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated) (EEsM,2 - EEpM,2) ","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D22-D21)","v":-34393.839999999997},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input) (EEM1,other, Smode)","Btu/lb",1000,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 2 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) energy use per part - Material # 2","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D119=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D15*D11*(D120*D121),IF(D119=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D15*D11*(D120*D121),D15*D11*(D120*D122)))+IF(D123=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D15*D11*(D124*D125),IF(D123=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D15*D11*(D124*D125),D15*D11*(D124*D126)))","v":-543.03842559999975},"The total disposal energy use per part for Material # 2. Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) energy use per part  (DISP_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D9=1,D118,(D118+D127))","v":743.29119040000046},"The total disposal energy use per part – the fifth bar of the bar chart. Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens than for using virgin materials. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]

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["AM Energy Impacts Assessment Tool - Additive Manufacturing Process",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"User Input or Drop Down Menu"]
["LCA Phase","Input Parameter","Unit","Value","Tool Guidance","User Notes and Assumptions",null,null,"Output"]
["Part Information","Part name","Name","Part XYZ","Enter part/product name manufactured by the additive manufacturing process under consideration."]
[null,"Part description","Description","Brief description","Provide brief description of the part and its application, etc."]
["Additive Manufacturing Process"]
["Typical life-span of the product manufactured using the Additive Manufacturing Process (LSAM)",null,"Years",30,"Enter product life in terms of # of cycles, years, months, or days."]
["Material","Additive Manufacturing Process/Technique ( AMTech)","Select","Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Polymers ","Select the type of additive manufacturing process to evaluate"]
[null,"Material # 1 consumed to produce final part (M1)","Select","ULTEM 9085 - Extruded Filament","Select material # 1 name from the drop-down list. The current version of the tool allows only two raw materials. "]
[null,"Material # 1 Amount - % of total initial mass (M1,%)","%",0.8,"Enter material # 1 amount as a % of total initial mass. If material # 1 amount is < 100%, tool brings up a second material option. "]
[null,"Material # 2 consumed to produce final part (M2)","Select","Polyamide (nylon)","If material # 1 amount is 100%, select \"None\", otherwise select material # 2 name from the drop-down list."]
[null,"Material # 2 Amount - % of total initial mass  (M2,%)","%",{"$f":"(1-D9)","v":0.19999999999999996},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"% Reduction in material Initial mass w.r.t. CM Process (Minitial,%Red)","%",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!C14=\"Scenario 1\", ('CM Calculator'!$D$11-$D$14)/'CM Calculator'!$D$11,(D14-$D$14)/D14)","v":1.9047619047619067E-2},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"% Reduction in Final part mass w.r.t. CM Process (Mfinal,%Red)","%",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!C14=\"Scenario 1\",('CM Calculator'!$D$12-$D$15)/'CM Calculator'!$D$12,(D15-$D$15)/D15)","v":0.15789473684210525},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"Total input material initial mass (Minitial,AM)","lb/part",0.10299999999999999,"Enter input material initial mass - this should include scrap, waste, and material loss during the manufacturing process. "]
[null,"Final part mass (Mfinal,AM)","lb/part",0.08,"Enter final mass of the component/part after going through all the manufacturing and post-manufacturing processes. "]
[null,"Ratio between initial material used and the weight of the final product - Additive Manufacturing Process (Minitial,AM/ Mfinal,AM)","Ratio",{"$f":"IF(D15>0,D14/D15,0)","v":1.2874999999999999},"The weight ratio between initial input material used for a component and the weight of the final component itself."]
[null,"Total engineered scrap or waste generated onsite while producing final part (Escrap)","lb/part",{"$f":"D14-D15","v":2.2999999999999993E-2},"This is the difference between total input material initial mass and final part mass."]
[null,"Percent of engineered scrap or waste material recovered and recycled onsite (Escrap%,recycle)","%",0,"User provides a percent of total engineered scrap or waste material recovered and recycled on-site. This is different from the recycled material after end of life. "]
[null,"Material # 1 embodied energy (primary or virgin) (EEpM,1)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D8,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,4,FALSE)","v":58469.527999999998},"Embodied Energy for Material # 1 (primary or virgin) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Material # 1 embodied energy (recycled engineered scrap)  (EEsM,1)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D8,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,5,FALSE)","v":58469.527999999998},"Embodied Energy for Material # 1 (secondary or recycled) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Material # 2 embodied energy (primary or virgin) (EEpM,2)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D10,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,4,FALSE)","v":52665.567499999997},"Embodied Energy for Material # 2 (primary or virgin) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Material # 2 embodied energy (recycled engineered scrap)  (EEsM,2)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D10,'Embodied Energy - Material'!$A$2:$E$56,5,FALSE)","v":18271.727500000001},"Embodied Energy for Material # 2 (secondary or recycled) - pulled from the \"Embodied Energy - Material\" tab. "]
[null,"Raw Material Energy Use per Part  (M_EU_AM)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!C14=\"Scenario 1\", ('CM Calculator'!$D$6/'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$6)*(D9*D14-D9*(D18*D17))*D19+(D9*(D18*D17)*D20)+(D11*D14-D11*(D18*D17))*D21+(D11*(D18*D17)*D22),(D9*D14-D9*(D18*D17))*D19+(D9*(D18*D17)*D20)+(D11*D14-D11*(D18*D17))*D21+(D11*(D18*D17)*D22))","v":5902.7997976999995},"The total material energy per part – the first bar of the bar chart."]
["Manufacturing","Analysis Level (M_AL)","Select","Simple","Analysis levels - Simple, Intermediate, and Advanced"]
[null,"Additive manufacturing process embodied energy use (Simple Method Starts Here)  (EIAM_PP)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D7,'Embodied Energy - Process'!A40:E50,3,FALSE)","v":76526.293999999994},"Simple method uses published data based on the type of the AM method (SLM, DMLS, EBM, LS, FDM, and Other)"]
[null,"Secondary Process (machining/joining/finishing)  (AM_SP)","Select","Other Secondary Process","Secondary mode of material processing."]
[null,"Secondary Process Energy Intensity  (EIAM_SP)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D26,'Embodied Energy - Process'!$A$20:$C$35,3,FALSE)","v":0},"Embodied energy per lb processed for the secondary process."]
[null,"% of material removed by secondary process (MAM_SP,%)","%",{"$f":"IF(D26=\"None\",0,(D14-D15)/D14)","v":0.22330097087378634},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"Enter post-machining process or processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.)  ()+B16        ( AM_PostM)","User defined","None","Manually enter post-machining process or processes. Post-machining processes include heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.). Care should be taken when the energy content of a secondary process is calculated based on batch processing.  When the batch size changes there can be a significant change in the energy intensity per part."]
[null,"Enter post-additive manufacturing process or processes energy intensity  (EIAM_PostM)","Btu/lb",0,"Provide post-machining process energy intensity. If multiple post-machining processes are involved, calculate combined energy intensity."]
[null,"% of material going through post-additive manufacturing processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIPing, inspection, etc.)  (MAM_PostM,%)","% of final part mass",0,"Provide % of final part mass going through the post-machining processes. Typically, this number is going to be 100%."]
[null,"Additive Manufacturing process embodied energy use  (EEAM,Simple)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"D25+D28*D27+D31*D30","v":76526.293999999994},"Embodied energy of additive manufacturing process using the simple method."]
[null,"Machine Model (Intermediate Method Starts Here)","Enter ","Model A","Intermediate method uses the NAME PLATE data based on the Machine Specs and part material."]
[null,"Total Build Time or Production Time","hr/build",10,"Total production time includes machine tool cleaning, preheating, exposure, recoating, and cooling down. Total production time includes machine tool cleaning, preheating, exposure, recoating, and cooling down. Include cleaning time only if a machine needs cleaning for each cycle. However, if maintenance, cleaning, etc. takes place during non-production shifts, then do not include it here."]
[null,"Number of parts produced per build operation (NP)","Number of parts/build",4,"This steps accounts for multiple parts in a single build and its impact on energy."]
[null,"Average Power Level in Standby, Preheating, and Cooling Down Modes","kW",1.5,"Take an average of energy consumption per hour in Standby, Preheating, and Cooling Down Modes. Take an average of energy consumption per hour in Standby, Preheating, and Cooling Down Modes. During preheating there will be a constant energy flow to bring the system to operating temperature, much like preheating an oven. During the build the two large power consumers will be maintaining the environmental temperature and portion of the system depositing raw material (laser, extruder, etc.). Stand-by will involve intermittent power consumption to keep the system at a holding temperature without material deposition. "]
[null,"% of total build time the machine is in Standby, Preheating, and Cooling Down Modes","%",0.3,"Enter % of total build time the machine is in Standby, Preheating, and Cooling Down Modes."]
[null,"Average Energy Consumption per hour (kW) when AM machine is in production mode","kW",4.5,"Average Power Level in Heating, Exposure, and Recoating Mode."]
[null,"% of total build time the machine is in production mode and producing parts","%",{"$f":"(1-D37)","v":0.7},"Calculated. % of total build time the machine is in Heating, Exposure, and Recoating Mode."]
[null,"AM Process Productivity","lb/hr",0.45,"Enter machine productivity in terms of lbs of raw material processed per hour. This depends upon machine type, AM process type, material, the total batch volume (V) and production batch height (h). "]
[null,"Secondary Process (machining/joining/finishing)","Select","Other Secondary Process","Secondary mode of material processing."]
[null,"Secondary Process Energy Intensity","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D41,'Embodied Energy - Process'!$A$20:$C$35,3,FALSE)","v":0},"Embodied energy per lb processed for the secondary process."]
[null,"% of material removed by secondary process","%",{"$f":"IF(D41=\"None\",0,(D14-D15)/D14)","v":0.22330097087378634},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"Enter post-machining process or processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.)","User defined","None","Manually enter post-machining process or processes. Post-machining processes include heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.). Care should be taken when the energy content of a secondary process is calculated based on batch processing.  When the batch size changes there can be a significant change in the energy intensity per part."]
[null,"Enter post-additive manufacturing process or processes energy intensity","Btu/lb",0,"Provide post-machining process energy intensity. If multiple post-machining processes are involved, calculate combined energy intensity."]
[null,"% of material going through post-additive manufacturing processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIPing, inspection, etc.)","% of final part mass",0,"Provide % of final part mass going through the post-machining processes. Typically, this number is going to be 100%."]
[null,"Additive Manufacturing process embodied energy use","Btu/lb",{"$f":"3412.14163*((D34*D36*D37)/(D35*D14))+3412.14163*((D34*D38*D39)/(D35*D14))+(D43*D42)+(D46*D45)","v":298148.29776699032},"Embodied energy of additive manufacturing process using the intermediate method."]
[null,"Build Time Estimation (Advanced Method Starts Here): The estimate for total build time, TBuild, is obtained by combining data from a hierarchy of elements of time consumption."]
[null,"Part name","Name",{"$f":"D3","v":"Part XYZ"},"Use the method of build time estimation and energy consumption estimation based on the part geometry, material, and machine specs. This method is documented in the article \"Transparency Built in, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2012). This is a  a bottom up approach method."]
[null,"Number of parts produced per build operation (NP)","Number of parts/build",4,"This step accounts for multiple parts in a single build and its impact on energy."]
[null,"Fixed time consumption per build operation, TJob","seconds/build",null,"Provide fixed time consumption per build operation irrespective of number of parts produced. For example, time required for machine atmosphere generation and machine warm-up. "]
[null,"Fixed time consumption per layer, TPer_Layer","seconds per layer",null,"Time required for completing one layer of the material. "]
[null,"The total number of build layers, l","layers/build",null,"Total number of layers per build operation. "]
[null,"Total layer dependent time consumption, TLayer","seconds/build",{"$f":"D52*D53","v":0},"Obtained by multiplying the fixed time consumption per layer, TLayer, by the total number of build layers l;"]
[null,"The total build time needed for the deposition of part\ngeometry approximated by the voxels, TVoxel ","seconds/build",null,"The summation of the time needed to process each voxel, TVoxel xyz, in a three-dimensional array representing the discretized build configuration"]
[null,"Build Time per Part (TBuild = (TJob + TLayer +  Tvoxel)/NP)","seconds/part",{"$f":"IF(D50>0,(D51+D54+D55)/D50,0)","v":0},"A voxel (volumetric pixel or Volumetric Picture Element) is a volume element, representing a value on a regular grid in three dimensional space."]
[null,"Energy Consumption Estimation:"]
[null,"Fixed energy consumption per build operation, EJob","Btu/build",null,"EJob contains all energy consumption attributable to the build job irrespective of number of parts produced per build operation, including energy consumed by the wire erosion process to remove the parts from the build plate."]
[null,"Time-dependent energy consumption rate ETime_Rate","Btu/second",null,"A purely time-dependent element of power consumption must be expected in the continuous operation of the AM machine. This is denoted by the energy consumption rate ETime_Rate (measured in MJ/s), which is multiplied by TBuild to estimate total time-dependent energy consumption. Modeling ETime as a constant reflects its interpretation as a mean baseline level of energy consumption throughout the build, originating from continuously operating machine components such as cooling fans, pumps, and the control system."]
[null,"Time-dependent energy consumption ETime = ETime_Rate * TBuild","Btu/build",{"$f":"D59*D56","v":0},"Obtained by multiplying the time dependent energy consumption rate by the total build time."]
[null,"Fixed energy consumption per layer, EPer_Layer","Btu/layer",null,"Provide fixed energy consumption amount per layer. "]
[null,"The total number of build layers, l","layers/build",{"$f":"D53","v":0},"Total number of layers per build operation. "]
[null,"Total layer dependent energy consumption, ELayer","Btu/build",{"$f":"D61*D62","v":0},"Analogous to build time estimation, ELayer denotes fixed elements of energy consumption per build and layer, for a total number of layers, l."]
[null,"The energy needed for the deposition of part\ngeometry approximated by the voxels, EVoxel ","Btu/part",null,"Evoxel is the geometry-dependent energy consumption that can be obtained by adding all energy consumption associated with voxel deposition throughout the discretized workplace. Please note that EVoxel does not contain time-dependent power consumption."]
[null,"Build Energy Consumption per Part (EBuild = [Ejob/NP + (ETime_Rate × TBuild) + (EPer_Layer × l )/NP + Evoxel]","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D50>0,((D58/D50+(D59*D56)+(D61*D62)/D50+D64)),0)","v":0},"Total build energy consumption which is the summation of Ejob, Etime, Elayer, and Evoxel. Please note - fixed energy consumption per build operation is divided by number of parts produced per build operation."]
[null,"Manufacturing Embodied Energy Estimation:"]
[null,"Build Energy Consumption per Part","Btu/part",{"$f":"D65","v":0},"As calculated above. "]
[null,"Total input material initial mass","lb/part",{"$f":"D14","v":0.10299999999999999},"As provided above. Total input material initial mass which is going through all the manufacturing and post-manufacturing processes. "]
[null,"Secondary Process (machining/joining/finishing)","Select","Other Secondary Process","Secondary mode of material processing."]
[null,"Secondary Process Energy Intensity","Btu/lb",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D69,'Embodied Energy - Process'!$A$20:$C$35,3,FALSE)","v":0},"Embodied energy per lb processed for the secondary process."]
[null,"% of material removed by secondary process","%",{"$f":"IF(D69=\"None\",0,(D14-D15)/D14)","v":0.22330097087378634},"Calculated automatically."]
[null,"Enter post-machining process or processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.)","User defined","None","Manually enter post-machining process or processes. Post-machining processes include heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIP, inspection, etc.). Care should be taken when the energy content of a secondary process is calculated based on batch processing.  When the batch size changes there can be a significant change in the energy intensity per part."]
[null,"Enter post-additive manufacturing process or processes energy intensity","Btu/lb",0,"Provide post-machining process energy intensity. If more than one post-machining processes are involved, calculate combined energy intensity."]
[null,"% of material going through post-additive manufacturing processes (heat treating, stress relieving, brazing, HIPing, inspection, etc.)","% of final part mass",0,"Provide % of final part mass going through the post-machining processes. Typically, this number is going to be 100%."]
[null,"Additive Manufacturing process embodied energy use","Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF(D68=0,0,(D67/D68)+D71*D70+D74*D73)","v":0},"This is obtained by adding build energy consumption intensity and post-additive manufacturing processes energy intensities. "]
[null,"Manufacturing energy use per Part  ","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!$C$14=\"Scenario 1\",('CM Calculator'!$D$6/'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$6)*IF(D24=\"Simple\",D32*(D14),IF(D24=\"Intermediate\",D47*(D14),D75*(D14))),IF(D24=\"Simple\",D32*(D14),IF(D24=\"Intermediate\",D47*(D14),D75*(D14))))","v":7882.2082819999987},"The total manufacturing energy per part – the first bar of the bar chart."]
["Freight and Distribution","Analysis Level (FD_AL)","Select","Simple","Select analysis level - Simple or Intermediate. Intermediate level provides more granularity in terms of freight and distribution modes and associated energy intensities."]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Primary Mode)  (FDmodeprimary)","Select","Ship","Select freight and distribution primary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Primary Mode) EIFD,primary)","Btu/lb/mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D78,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$4:$D$8,4,FALSE)","v":0.83690835669069774},"The approximate energy of transportation  (primary mode) – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab."]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by primary mode (DISTFD,primary)","miles",4000,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the primary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. Use this for international part of the freight."]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Secondary Mode) (FDmodesecondary)","Select","Long-Distance Truck","Select freight and distribution secondary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Secondary Mode)","Btu/lb/mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D81,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$4:$D$8,4,FALSE)","v":3.0627328334267716},"The approximate energy of transportation (secondary mode)  – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab."]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by secondary mode  (DISTFD,secondary)","miles",250,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the secondary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. Use this for domestic part of the freight."]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Primary Mode)  (FDmodeprimary)","Select","32 metric ton truck - Diesel","Select freight and distribution primary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Primary Mode) (EIFD,primary)","Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D84,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$24:$C$41,3,FALSE)","v":0.65038158199999996},"The approximate energy of transportation  (primary mode) – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab."]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by primary mode  (DISTFD,primary)","miles/mode",1188.683,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the primary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. User can use this mode to cover international portion of the freight too."]
[null,"Freight and distribution method (Secondary Mode)  (FDmodesecondary)","Select","Light goods vehicle - Diesel","Select freight and distribution secondary mode."]
[null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Secondary Mode) (EIFD,secondary)","Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D87,'Freight or Transportation'!$A$24:$C$41,3,FALSE)","v":1.72973825},"The approximate energy of transportation (secondary mode)  – pulled from “Freight or Transportation” Tab."]
[null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by secondary mode  (DISTFD,secondary)","miles/mode",2141.2449999999999,"Provide average distance travelled by the product using the secondary mode of transportation from the manufacturing site to point of use or sale. User can use this mode to cover domestic part of the freight too."]
[null,"Freight and distribution energy use per part (FD_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!$C$14=\"Scenario 1\",('CM Calculator'!$D$6/'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$6)*IF(D77=\"Simple\",D15*(D79*D80+D82*D83), IF(D77=\"Intermediate\",D15*(D85*D86+D88*D89),D15*(D85*D86+D88*D89))),IF(D77=\"Simple\",D15*(D79*D80+D82*D83), IF(D77=\"Intermediate\",D15*(D85*D86+D88*D89),D15*(D85*D86+D88*D89))))","v":329.06533080955876},"The total freight and distribution energy use per part – the third bar of the bar chart."]
["Use","Typical life-span of the product manufactured using Additive Manufacturing Process  (P_Life)","Years",30,"Product life-span in years. If you know the product life-span in days/months/# cycles, convert it into number of years. "]
[null,"Sector/application area where this part is being used  (APP_Area)","Select","Transportation","Select sector/application area from: Transportation, Commercial Buildings, Residential, and Industry. Transportation sector includes cars, trucks, buses, aircrafts, and even space shuttles. The \"transportation + other\" scenario takes care of applications where AM product is installed on or carried by a moving vehicle and also improving energy conversion efficiency (electric to thermal, thermal to mechanical, etc.). Under this scenario, the use phase energy consumption per part is the summation of transport and energy conversion related impacts."]
[null,"If the use phase is in transportation sector: Products that form part of, or are carried by, a transportation system add to its mass and thereby augment its energy burden. Strategy is to minimize mass and rolling resistance if the product is part of a system that moves."]
[null,"Is this product part of or carried by a vehicle?  (Yes/No)","Select","Yes","If a product that form part of, or are carried by, a transportation system; select Yes, else select No."]
[null,"Select fuel and mobility type  (Trans_Type)","Select","Long haul aircraft - Kerosene","Select transportation or mobility mode."]
[null,"Average energy use  (EITrans)","Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D95,'Use Phase'!$A$4:$D$24,3,FALSE)","v":2.1822377762},"Average energy use per weight per distance – pulled from “Use Phase” Tab. In principle, average energy use by mobility type in the use phase should be different from the freight and distribution phase. Use phase energy numbers should be just the additional energy use associated with an increase in mass, whereas freight energy use should include not only the energy use associated with additional mass, but also a share of the baseline energy use needed to move the vehicle even if it were not carrying any weight. "]
[null,"Distance travelled per day  (DISTday)","miles/day",2485.4850000000001,"Enter usage pattern"]
[null,"Usage  (DAYSyear)","days/year",200,"Enter usage pattern"]
[null,"Average energy use per lb of payload mass (only if the mobility type in cell D95 is \"Spacecraft\")   (EIspace)","Btu/lb per flight",{"$f":"VLOOKUP(D95,'Use Phase'!$A$4:$D$24,3,FALSE)","v":2.1822377762},"NASA's space shuttle consumes around 5 TJ of solid propellant and 15 TJ of hydrogen fuel to lift the 100,000 kg vehicle (including the 25,000 kg payload) to an altitude of 111 km."]
[null,"Number of flights per year (only if the mobility type in cell D95 is \"Spacecraft\")  (Noflights)","No. flights per year",null,"Number of shuttle flights per year. "]
[null,"Use phase life time energy use per unit mass  (UP_EI)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF(D95=\"Spacecraft\", (D99*D100*D91), (D96*D97*D98*D91))","v":32543515.555070747},"Calculated value. "]
[null,"If the use phase is in other sectors: Some products are normally static but require energy to perform their function. Strategy is to increase thermal efficiency if the product is a thermal or thermo-mechanical system, or reduce electrical losses if the product is an electromechanical system."]
[null,"Does this product require energy to perform its function?  (Yes/No)","Select","No","Select Yes/No. If a product is normally static but requires energy to perform their function, select Yes, else select No."]
[null,"Please select energy conversion type  (E_IO)","Select","Fossil fuel to Mechanical","Select energy in and out"]
[null,"Average power drawn by the system while in operation  (PW_Rate)","KW",null,"Enter power in KW. Take into consideration full load, partial load, and standby mode power usage while calculating AVERAGE power drawn by the system.  (note: 1 KW = 3412.1 Btu per hour)"]
[null,"Improvement in system efficiency (AM scenario 1 to 2) (EFF_IMP) ","%",null,"Improvement in system efficiency from AM 1 scenario to AM 2 scenario due to improved part geometry, reduced weight, improved performance, etc. If there is no improvement then use 0%.  "]
[null,"Approximate Usage (days per year)  (DAYSyear)","days/year",null,"Enter usage pattern - Take into consideration and adjust for full load, partial load, and standby modes while calculating the usage pattern. "]
[null,"Approximate Usage (hours per day)   (HOURSday)","hr/day",null,"Enter usage pattern - Take into consideration and adjust for full load, partial load, and standby modes while calculating the usage pattern. "]
[null,"Use phase energy use per part  (UP_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF('Intro - Start'!$C$14=\"Scenario 1\",('CM Calculator'!$D$6/'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$6)*IF(D92=\"Transportation\",D101*D15,IF(D92=\"Transportation and Other Sector\",D101*D15+(1-D106)* D105*D107*D108*D91*3412.14163,(1-D106)* D105*D107*D108*D91*3412.14163)),('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$6/'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$6)*IF(D92=\"Transportation\",D101*D15,IF(D92=\"Transportation and Other Sector\",D101*D15+(1-D106)* D105*D107*D108*D91*3412.14163,(1-D106)* D105*D107*D108*D91*3412.14163)))","v":2603481.2444056598},"The total use phase energy use per part – the fourth bar of the bar chart."]
["Disposal (End of Life)","PRIMARY disposal method for material # 1  (DISPM1,Pmode)","Select","Closed-loop Recycling","Please select primary disposal method option for material # 1 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 1 disposed through the selected PRIMARY disposal method  (DISPM1,%, Pmode)","% of final part mass",0.8,"A fraction of material # 1 disposed using user selected primary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)  ((EEsM,1 - EEpM,1))","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D20-D19)","v":0},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)  (EEM1,other, Pmode)","Btu/lb",18271.727500000001,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 1 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"SECONDARY disposal method for material # 1  (DISPM1,Smode)","Select","Landfill","Please select secondary disposal method option for material # 1 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 1 disposed through the selected SECONDARY disposal method  (DISPM1,%, Smode)","% of final part mass",{"$f":"(1-D111)","v":0.19999999999999996},"A fraction of material # 1 disposed using user selected secondary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)  (EEsM,1 - EEpM,1)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D20-D19)","v":0},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)  (EEM1,other, Smode)","Btu/lb",18271.727500000001,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 1 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) energy use per part - Material # 1","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D110=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D15*D9*(D111*D112),IF(D110=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D15*D9*(D111*D112),D15*D9*(D111*D113)))+IF(D114=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D15*D9*(D115*D116),IF(D114=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D15*D9*(D115*D116),D15*D9*(D115*D117)))","v":233.87811199999996},"The total disposal energy use per part for Material # 1. Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]
[null,"PRIMARY disposal method for material # 2 (DISPM2,Pmode)","Select","Open-loop Recycling","Please select primary disposal method option for material # 2 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 2 disposed through the selected PRIMARY disposal method (DISPM2,%, Pmode)","% of final part mass",0.9,"A fraction of material # 2 disposed using user selected primary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated) (EEsM,2 - EEpM,2)","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D22-D21)","v":-34393.839999999997},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input) (EEM2,other, Pmode)","Btu/lb",1000,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 2 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"SECONDARY disposal method for material # 2 (DISPM2,Smode)","Select","Abandon in Place","Please select secondary disposal method option for material # 2 – Landfill, Combustion or incineration, Composting, Open-loop recycling, Closed-loop recycling, or Other (Re-engineering/Reuse). In open-loop recycling, products are recycled into new products that are eventually disposed of. In closed-loop recycling, products are recycled again and again into the same product."]
[null,"Fraction of material # 2 disposed through the selected SECONDARY disposal method (DISPM2,%, Smode)","% of final part mass",{"$f":"(1-D120)","v":9.9999999999999978E-2},"A fraction of material # 2 disposed using user selected secondary disposal method"]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated) (EEsM,2 - EEpM,2) ","Btu/lb",{"$f":"(D22-D21)","v":-34393.839999999997},"This is the difference between secondary (recycled) and primary (virgin) material embodied energies. Negative Btu/lb means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. For simplicity, the amount of energy needed for deconstruction, sorting, processing, and shipping is not considered. "]
[null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input) (EEM1,other, Smode)","Btu/lb",1000,"This is the amount of energy needed for disposing material 2 using the disposal method other than open or closed-loop recycling. If the disposal method is combustion, energy use per unit mass may be negative."]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) energy use per part - Material # 2","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D119=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D15*D11*(D120*D121),IF(D119=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D15*D11*(D120*D121),D15*D11*(D120*D122)))+IF(D123=\"Open-loop Recycling\", D15*D11*(D124*D125),IF(D123=\"Closed-loop Recycling\", D15*D11*(D124*D125),D15*D11*(D124*D126)))","v":-493.67129599999987},"The total disposal energy use per part for Material # 2. Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) energy use per part  (DISP_EU)","Btu/part",{"$f":"IF(D9=1,D118,(D118+D127))","v":-259.79318399999988},"The total disposal energy use per part – the fifth bar of the bar chart. Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens than for using virgin materials. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]

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[]
[null,"Summary Results:",{"$f":"'Product or Project Details'!D3","v":"Part name"}]
[]
[null,"Energy Use per Part:"]
[]
[null,"Life Cycle Phases","Unit","Conventional Manufacturing","Additive Manufacturing"]
[null,"Material Energy ","Btu/part",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!D20","v":5836.8496094999991},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D23","v":5902.7997976999995}]
[null,"Manufacturing Energy","Btu/part",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!D42","v":857.69638499999996},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D76","v":7882.2082819999987}]
[null,"Freight and Distribution Energy","Btu/part",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!D56","v":29385.691001343821},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D90","v":361.97186389051456}]
[null,"Use Phase Energy","Btu/part",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!D74","v":3091633.977731721},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D109","v":2863829.3688462256}]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) Energy Use*","Btu/part",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!D93","v":802.41662600000041},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D128","v":743.29119040000046}]
[null,"Total Energy Use per Part","Btu/part",{"$f":"SUM(D7:D11)","v":3128516.6313535646},{"$f":"SUM(E7:E11)","v":2878719.639980216}]
[null,"* Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens than for using virgin materials. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]
[]
[null,"Energy and Energy Cost Savings per Part:",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Current Fuel Prices:"]
[]
[null,"Provide Unit Energy Prices by each life cycle phase ","Input Parameter","Unit","Value","Tool Guidance",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Fuel Type","Typical Energy prices ($/MMBtu)","Conversion Factors"]
[null,null,"Material related unit energy price","$/MMBtu",5,"Typically, material manufacturing industry uses coal, coke, electricity, natural gas, and fuel oils. ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Coal",2.08,"13,000 Btu/lb"]
[null,null,"Manufacturing related unit enegry price","$/MMBtu",5,"Typically manufacturing industry uses electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oils.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Natural Gas",5.69,"102,900 Btu/Therm"]
[null,null,"Freight and Distribution related unit enegry price","$/MMBtu",16,"Typically transportation industry uses gasoline or diesel as their primary fuels.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"# 2 Heating Oil",14.74,"138,000 Btu/gal"]
[null,null,"Use phase related unit enegry price","$/MMBtu",15,"If the use phase sector is aerospcae industry - jet fuel, if the use phase is in passenger vehicles, trucks, trains - gasoline or diesel.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Jet Fuel",15.48,"135,000 Btu/gal"]
[null,null,"Disposal (End of Life) related unit enegry price","$/MMBtu",4,"It's a combination of gasoline (for transportation), electricity (for sorting and processing), natural gas (for incineration), etc.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Diesel",15.59,"131,000 Btu/gal"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gasoline",17.809999999999999,"115,000 Btu/gal"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Electricity",26.31,"3,412 Btu/kWh"]
[null,"Life Cycle Phases",null,"Energy Savings per Part (Btu/part)\n(+ve numbers mean savings)","Energy Cost Savings per Part ($/part)\n(+ve numbers mean savings)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/energysource/2010/01/26/the-price-of-energy/ "]
[null,"Material",null,{"$f":"D7-E7","v":-65.950188200000412},{"$f":"D26*E18/1000000","v":-3.2975094100000206E-4}]
[null,"Manufacturing",null,{"$f":"D8-E8","v":-7024.5118969999985},{"$f":"D27*E19/1000000","v":-3.5122559484999989E-2}]
[null,"Freight and Distribution",null,{"$f":"D9-E9","v":29023.719137453307},0.46437950619925289]
[null,"Use Phase",null,{"$f":"D10-E10","v":227804.60888549546},3.4170691332824319]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life)",null,{"$f":"D11-E11","v":59.125435599999946},2.3650174239999978E-4]
[null,"Total Energy Savings per Part",null,{"$f":"SUM(D26:D30)","v":249796.99137334875},3.8462328307980851]
[]
[null,"Summary of Key Inputs and Assumptions:"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"E26","v":-3.2975094100000206E-4}]
[null,"Life Cycle Phase","Parameter",null,"Unit","Conventional Manufacturing","Additive Manufacturing",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,-3.5122559484999989E-2]
[]
[null,"Manufacturing Process","Process Name",null,null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$22","v":"Polymers - Molding"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$7","v":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Polymers "},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"E28","v":0.46437950619925289}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"E29","v":3.4170691332824319}]
[null,"Material","Material # 1 consumed to produce final part",null,"Material",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$7","v":"ULTEM 9085 - Pellets"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$8","v":"ULTEM 9085 - Extruded Filament"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"E30","v":2.3650174239999978E-4}]
[null,null,"Material # 1 amount - % of total initial mass",null,"%",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$8","v":0.8},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D9","v":0.8},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"E31","v":3.8462328307980851}]
[null,null,"Material # 1 embodied energy (primary or virgin)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$16","v":56319.913},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D19","v":58469.527999999998}]
[null,null,"Material # 1 embodied energy (recycled engineered scrap)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$17","v":56319.913},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D20","v":58469.527999999998}]
[null,null,"Material # 2 consumed to produce final part",null,null,{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!$D$9)","v":"Polyamide (nylon)"},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!D10)","v":"Polyamide (nylon)"}]
[null,null,"Material # 2 Amount - % of total initial mass",null,"%",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D10)","v":0.19999999999999996},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!D11)","v":0.19999999999999996}]
[null,null,"Material # 2 embodied energy (primary or virgin)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D18)","v":52665.567499999997},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!D21)","v":52665.567499999997}]
[null,null,"Material # 2 embodied energy (recycled engineered scrap)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D19)","v":18271.727500000001},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!D22)","v":18271.727500000001}]
[null,null,"Total input material initial mass",null,"lb/part",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!D11","v":0.105},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D14","v":0.10299999999999999}]
[null,null,"Final part mass",null,"lb/part",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!D12","v":9.5000000000000001E-2},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D15","v":8.7999999999999995E-2}]
[null,null,"% Reduction in material Initial mass w.r.t. CM Process",null,"%","NA",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D12","v":1.9047619047619067E-2}]
[null,null,"% Reduction in Final part mass w.r.t. CM Process",null,"%","NA",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D13","v":7.3684210526315852E-2}]
[]
[null,"Manufacturing","Primary Manufacturing Process",null,"Manufacturing Process",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$22","v":"Polymers - Molding"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$7","v":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Polymers "}]
[null,null,"Analysis Level",null,null,"NA",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24","v":"Simple"}]
[null,null,"Primary Manufacturing Process Energy Intensity",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$23","v":8168.5370000000003},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Simple\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$25,IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Intermediate\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$25-('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$43*'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$42)-('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$46*'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$45),'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$75-('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$71*'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$70)-('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$74*'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$73)))","v":76526.293999999994}]
[null,null,"Secondary Process (machining/joining/finishing)",null,null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$24","v":"None"},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Simple\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$26,IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Intermediate\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$41,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$69))","v":"Other Secondary Process"}]
[null,null,"Secondary Process Energy Intensity",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$25","v":0},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Simple\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$27,IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Intermediate\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$42,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$70))","v":0}]
[null,null,"Tertiary Process (machining/joining/finishing)",null,null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$27","v":"None"},"NA"]
[null,null,"Tertiary Process Energy Intensity",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$28","v":0},"NA"]
[]
[null,"Freight & Distribution","Analysis Level",null,null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$43","v":"Simple"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77","v":"Simple"}]
[null,null,"Freight and distribution method (Primary Mode)",null,"Primary Mode",{"$f":"IF('CM Calculator'!$D$43=\"Simple\", 'CM Calculator'!$D$44,'CM Calculator'!$D$50)","v":"Airplane"},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$78,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$84)","v":"Ship"}]
[null,null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Primary Mode)",null,"Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"IF('CM Calculator'!$D$43=\"Simple\", 'CM Calculator'!$D$45,'CM Calculator'!$D$51)","v":24.756010986527762},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$79,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$85)","v":0.83690835669069774}]
[null,null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by primary mode",null,"miles/mode",{"$f":"IF('CM Calculator'!$D$43=\"Simple\", 'CM Calculator'!$D$46,'CM Calculator'!$D$52)","v":12000},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$80,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$86)","v":4000}]
[null,null,"Freight and distribution method (Secondary Mode)",null,"Secondary Mode",{"$f":"IF('CM Calculator'!$D$43=\"Simple\", 'CM Calculator'!$D$47,'CM Calculator'!$D$53)","v":"Long-Distance Truck"},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$81,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$87)","v":"Long-Distance Truck"}]
[null,null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Secondary Mode)",null,"Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"IF('CM Calculator'!$D$43=\"Simple\", 'CM Calculator'!$D$48,'CM Calculator'!$D$54)","v":3.0627328334267716},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$82,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$88)","v":3.0627328334267716}]
[null,null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by secondary mode",null,"miles/mode",{"$f":"IF('CM Calculator'!$D$43=\"Simple\", 'CM Calculator'!$D$49,'CM Calculator'!$D$55)","v":4000},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$83,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$89)","v":250}]
[]
[null,"Use Phase","If the use phase is in transportation sector:"]
[null,null,"Typical life-span of the product manufactured using conventional method",null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$C$57","v":"Years"},{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$57","v":30},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$91","v":30}]
[null,null,"Sector/application area where this part is being used",null,null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$58","v":"Transportation"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$92","v":"Transportation"}]
[null,null,"Fuel and mobility type",null,null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$61","v":"Short haul aircraft - Kerosene"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$95","v":"Short haul aircraft - Kerosene"}]
[null,null,"Average energy use",null,"Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$62","v":2.1822377762},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$96","v":2.1822377762}]
[null,null,"Distance travelled per day",null,"miles/day",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$63","v":2485.4850000000001},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$97","v":2485.4850000000001}]
[null,null,"Usage",null,"days/year",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$64","v":200},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$98","v":200}]
[null,null,"If the use phase is in other sectors: "]
[null,null,"Does this product require energy to perform its function?",null,null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$69","v":"No"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$103","v":"Yes"}]
[null,null,"Energy conversion type",null,null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$70","v":"Electric to Thermal"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$104","v":"Fossil fuel to Mechanical"}]
[null,null,"Average power drawn by the system while in operation",null,"KW",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$71","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$105","v":0}]
[null,null,"Improvement in system efficiency from scenario 1 to 2 (only used while comparing CM and AM scenarios)",null,"%","NA",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$106","v":0}]
[null,null,"Approximate Usage (days per year)",null,"days/year",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$72","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$107","v":0}]
[null,null,"Approximate Usage (hours per day)",null,"hr/day",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$73","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$108","v":0}]
[]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life)","PRIMARY disposal method for material # 1",null,null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$75","v":"Landfill"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$110","v":"Landfill"}]
[null,null,"Fraction of material # 1 disposed through the selected PRIMARY disposal method",null,"% of final part mass",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$76","v":1},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$111","v":1}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$77","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$112","v":0}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$78","v":18271.727500000001},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$113","v":18271.727500000001}]
[null,null,"SECONDARY disposal method for material # 1",null,"Select",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$79","v":"Landfill"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$114","v":"Landfill"}]
[null,null,"Fraction of material # 1 disposed through the selected SECONDARY disposal method",null,"% of final part mass",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$80","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$115","v":0}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$81","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$116","v":0}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$D$82","v":18271.727500000001},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$117","v":18271.727500000001}]
[]
[null,null,"PRIMARY disposal method for material # 2",null,null,{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D84)","v":"Open-loop Recycling"},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$119)","v":"Open-loop Recycling"}]
[null,null,"Fraction of material # 2 disposed through the selected PRIMARY disposal method",null,"% of final part mass",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D85)","v":0.9},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$120)","v":0.9}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D86)","v":-34393.839999999997},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$121)","v":-34393.839999999997}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D87)","v":1000},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$122)","v":1000}]
[null,null,"SECONDARY disposal method for material # 2",null,"Select",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D88)","v":"Abandon in Place"},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$123)","v":"Abandon in Place"}]
[null,null,"Fraction of material # 2 disposed through the selected SECONDARY disposal method",null,"% of final part mass",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D89)","v":9.9999999999999978E-2},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$124)","v":9.9999999999999978E-2}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D90)","v":-34393.839999999997},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$125)","v":-34393.839999999997}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'CM Calculator'!D91)","v":1000},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$126)","v":1000}]

{"sheet":"AM Advanced Method","index":7,"n_rows":22,"n_cols":4,"rows_kept":22,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[[1,0,1,3],[9,0,9,3],[18,0,18,3]]}
["Input","Unit","Value","Assumptions"]
["Build Time Estimation: The estimate for total build time, TBuild, is obtained by combining data from a hierarchy of elements of time consumption."]
["Part name","Name",{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!D3","v":"Part XYZ"}]
["Fixed time consumption per build operation, TJob","seconds",null,"For example, machine atmosphere generation and machine warm-up"]
["Fixed time consumption per layer, TPer_Layer","seconds per layer"]
["The total number of build layers, l","number"]
["Total layer dependent time consumption, TLayer","seconds",{"$f":"C5*C6","v":0},"Obtained by multiplying the fixed time consumption per layer, TLayer, by the total number of build layers l;"]
["The total build time needed for the deposition of part\ngeometry approximated by the voxels, TVoxel ","seconds",null,"The summation of the time needed to process each voxel, TVoxel xyz, in a three-dimensional array representing the discretized\nbuild configuration"]
["Build Time (TBuild = TJob + TLayer +  TVoxel)","seconds",{"$f":"C4+C7+C8","v":0},"A voxel (volumetric pixel or Volumetric Picture Element) is a volume element, representing a value on a regular grid in three dimensional space."]
["Energy Consumption Estimation:"]
["Fixed energy consumption per build operation, EJob","MJ",null,"EJob contains all energy consumption attributable to the build job, including energy consumed by the wire erosion process to remove the parts from the build plate."]
["Time-dependent energy consumption rate ETime_Rate","MJ/second",null,"A purely time-dependent element of power consumption must be expected in the continuous operation of the AM machine. This is denoted by the energy consumption rate ETime_Rate (measured in MJ/s), which is multiplied by TBuild to estimate total time-dependent energy consumption. Modeling ETime as a constant reflects its interpretation as a mean baseline level of energy consumption throughout the build, originating from continuously operating machine components such as cooling fans, pumps, and the control system."]
["Time-dependent energy consumption ETime = ETime_Rate * TBuild","MJ",{"$f":"C12*C9","v":0}]
["Fixed energy consumption per layer, EPer_Layer","MJ per layer"]
["The total number of build layers, l","number",{"$f":"C6","v":0}]
["Total layer dependent energy consumption, ELayer","MJ",{"$f":"C14*C15","v":0},"Analogous to build time estimation, ELayer denotes fixed elements of energy consumption per build and layer, for a total number of layers, l."]
["The energy needed for the deposition of part\ngeometry approximated by the voxels, EVoxel ","MJ"]
["Build Energy Consumption (EBuild = EJob + (ETime_Rate × TBuild) + (EPer_Layer × l ) + EVoxel","MJ",{"$f":"C11+(C12*C9)+(C14*C15)+C17","v":0}]
["Manufacturing Embodied Energy Estimation:"]
["Build Energy Consumption per Part","MJ"]
["Final part mass","kg"]
["Manufacturing Embodied Energy","MJ/kg",{"$f":"IF(C21=0,0,C20/C21)","v":0}]

{"sheet":"Results (2)","index":8,"n_rows":99,"n_cols":25,"rows_kept":99,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[[26,1,26,2],[1,2,1,10],[12,1,12,4],[16,1,21,1],[24,1,24,2],[25,1,25,2],[41,2,41,3],[27,1,27,2],[28,1,28,2],[29,1,29,2],[30,1,30,2],[34,2,34,3],[35,2,35,3],[36,2,36,3],[37,2,37,3],[38,2,38,3],[39,2,39,3],[40,2,40,3],[53,2,53,3],[42,2,42,3],[43,2,43,3],[44,2,44,3],[45,2,45,3],[46,2,46,3],[47,2,47,3],[48,2,48,3],[49,2,49,3],[50,2,50,3],[51,2,51,3],[52,2,52,3],[65,2,65,3],[54,2,54,3],[55,2,55,3],[56,2,56,3],[57,2,57,3],[58,2,58,3],[59,2,59,3],[60,2,60,3],[61,2,61,3],[62,2,62,3],[63,2,63,3],[64,2,64,3],[77,2,77,3],[66,2,66,3],[67,2,67,3],[68,2,68,3],[69,2,69,3],[70,2,70,3],[71,2,71,3],[72,2,72,3],[73,2,73,3],[74,2,74,3],[75,2,75,3],[76,2,76,3],[89,2,89,3],[78,2,78,3],[79,2,79,3],[80,2,80,3],[81,2,81,3],[82,2,82,3],[83,2,83,3],[84,2,84,3],[85,2,85,3],[86,2,86,3],[87,2,87,3],[88,2,88,3],[96,2,96,3],[97,2,97,3],[98,2,98,3],[90,2,90,3],[91,2,91,3],[92,2,92,3],[93,2,93,3],[94,2,94,3],[95,2,95,3]]}
[]
[null,"Summary Results:",{"$f":"'Product or Project Details'!D3","v":"Part name"}]
[]
[null,"Energy Use per Part:"]
[]
[null,"Life Cycle Phases","Unit","Additive Manufacturing 1","Additive Manufacturing 2"]
[null,"Material Energy ","Btu/part",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!D23","v":5902.7997976999995},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D23","v":5902.7997976999995}]
[null,"Manufacturing Energy","Btu/part",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!D76","v":7882.2082819999987},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D76","v":7882.2082819999987}]
[null,"Freight and Distribution Energy","Btu/part",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!D90","v":329.06533080955876},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D90","v":361.97186389051456}]
[null,"Use Phase Energy","Btu/part",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!D109","v":2603481.2444056598},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D109","v":2863829.3688462256}]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life) Energy Use*","Btu/part",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!D128","v":-259.79318399999988},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!D128","v":743.29119040000046}]
[null,"Total Energy Use per Part","Btu/part",{"$f":"SUM(D7:D11)","v":2617335.5246321694},{"$f":"SUM(E7:E11)","v":2878719.639980216}]
[null,"* Negative energy use per part in disposal phase means that the manufacturing process using the recycled material shows lower burdens than for using virgin materials. Any additional material recycled is also credited to the product to reflect the good end-of-life performance of product under consideration. "]
[]
[null,"Energy and Energy Cost Savings per Part:",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Current Fuel Prices:"]
[]
[null,"Provide Unit Energy Prices by each life cycle phase ","Input Parameter","Unit","Value","Tool Guidance",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Fuel Type","Typical Energy prices ($/MMBtu)","Conversion Factors"]
[null,null,"Material related unit energy price","$/MMBtu",5,"Typically, material manufacturing industry uses coal, coke, electricity, natural gas, and fuel oils. ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Coal",2.08,"13,000 Btu/lb"]
[null,null,"Manufacturing related unit enegry price","$/MMBtu",5,"Typically manufacturing industry uses electricity, natural gas, coal and fuel oils.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Natural Gas",5.69,"102,900 Btu/Therm"]
[null,null,"Freight and Distribution related unit enegry price","$/MMBtu",16,"Typically transportation industry uses gasoline or diesel as their primary fuels.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"# 2 Heating Oil",14.74,"138,000 Btu/gal"]
[null,null,"Use phase related unit enegry price","$/MMBtu",15,"If the use phase sector is aerospcae industry - jet fuel, if the use phase is in passenger vehicles, trucks, trains - gasoline or diesel.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Jet Fuel",15.48,"135,000 Btu/gal"]
[null,null,"Disposal (End of Life) related unit enegry price","$/MMBtu",4,"It's a combination of gasoline (for transportation), electricity (for sorting and processing), natural gas (for incineration), etc.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Diesel",15.59,"131,000 Btu/gal"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gasoline",17.809999999999999,"115,000 Btu/gal"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Electricity",26.31,"3,412 Btu/kWh"]
[null,"Life Cycle Phases",null,"Energy Savings per Part (Btu/part)\n(+ve numbers mean savings)","Energy Cost Savings per Part ($/part)\n(+ve numbers mean savings)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/energysource/2010/01/26/the-price-of-energy/ "]
[null,"Material",null,{"$f":"D7-E7","v":0},{"$f":"D26*E18/1000000","v":0}]
[null,"Manufacturing",null,{"$f":"D8-E8","v":0},{"$f":"D27*E19/1000000","v":0}]
[null,"Freight and Distribution",null,{"$f":"D9-E9","v":-32.906533080955796},-5.2650452929529272E-4]
[null,"Use Phase",null,{"$f":"D10-E10","v":-260348.12444056571},-3.9052218666084855]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life)",null,{"$f":"D11-E11","v":-1003.0843744000003},-4.0123374976000015E-3]
[null,"Total Energy Savings per Part",null,{"$f":"SUM(D26:D30)","v":-261384.11534804667},-3.9097607086353809]
[]
[null,"Summary of Assumptions:"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"E26","v":0}]
[null,"Life Cycle Phase","Parameter",null,"Unit","Additive Manufacturing (1)","Additive Manufacturing (2)",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,0]
[]
[null,"Manufacturing Process","Process Name",null,null,{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$7","v":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Polymers "},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$7","v":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Polymers "},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"E28","v":-5.2650452929529272E-4}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"E29","v":-3.9052218666084855}]
[null,"Material","Material # 1 consumed to produce final part",null,"Material",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$8","v":"ULTEM 9085 - Extruded Filament"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$8","v":"ULTEM 9085 - Extruded Filament"},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"E30","v":-4.0123374976000015E-3}]
[null,null,"Material # 1 amount - % of total initial mass",null,"%",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$9","v":0.8},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$9","v":0.8},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"E31","v":-3.9097607086353809}]
[null,null,"Material # 1 embodied energy (primary or virgin)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$19","v":58469.527999999998},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$19","v":58469.527999999998}]
[null,null,"Material # 1 embodied energy (recycled engineered scrap)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$20","v":58469.527999999998},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$20","v":58469.527999999998}]
[null,null,"Material # 2 consumed to produce final part",null,null,{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$10)","v":"Polyamide (nylon)"},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$10)","v":"Polyamide (nylon)"}]
[null,null,"Material # 2 Amount - % of total initial mass",null,"%",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$11)","v":0.19999999999999996},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$11)","v":0.19999999999999996}]
[null,null,"Material # 2 embodied energy (primary or virgin)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$21)","v":52665.567499999997},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$21)","v":52665.567499999997}]
[null,null,"Material # 2 embodied energy (recycled engineered scrap)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$22)","v":18271.727500000001},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$22)","v":18271.727500000001}]
[null,null,"Total input material initial mass",null,"lb/part",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$14","v":0.10299999999999999},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$14","v":0.10299999999999999}]
[null,null,"Final part mass",null,"lb/part",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$15","v":8.7999999999999995E-2},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$15","v":0.08}]
[null,null,"% Reduction in material Initial mass w.r.t. CM Process",null,"%",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$12","v":1.9047619047619067E-2},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$12","v":1.9047619047619067E-2}]
[null,null,"% Reduction in Final part mass w.r.t. CM Process",null,"%",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$13","v":7.3684210526315852E-2},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$13","v":0.15789473684210525}]
[]
[null,"Manufacturing","Primary Manufacturing Process",null,"Manufacturing Process",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$7","v":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Polymers "},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$7","v":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Polymers "}]
[null,null,"Analysis Level",null,null,{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24","v":"Simple"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$24","v":"Simple"}]
[null,null,"Primary Manufacturing Process Energy Intensity",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Simple\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$25,IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Intermediate\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$25-('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$43*'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$42)-('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$46*'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$45),'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$75-('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$71*'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$70)-('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$74*'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$73)))","v":76526.293999999994},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$24=\"Simple\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$25,IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$24=\"Intermediate\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$25-('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$43*'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$42)-('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$46*'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$45),'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$75-('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$71*'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$70)-('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$74*'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$73)))","v":76526.293999999994}]
[null,null,"Secondary Process (machining/joining/finishing)",null,null,{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Simple\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$26,IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Intermediate\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$41,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$69))","v":"Other Secondary Process"},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$24=\"Simple\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$26,IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$24=\"Intermediate\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$41,'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$69))","v":"Other Secondary Process"}]
[null,null,"Secondary Process Energy Intensity",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Simple\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$27,IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$24=\"Intermediate\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$42,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$70))","v":0},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$24=\"Simple\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$27,IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$24=\"Intermediate\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$42,'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$70))","v":0}]
[null,null,"Tertiary Process (machining/joining/finishing)",null,null,"NA","NA"]
[null,null,"Tertiary Process Energy Intensity",null,"Btu/lb","NA","NA"]
[]
[null,"Freight & Distribution","Analysis Level",null,null,{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77","v":"Simple"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$77","v":"Simple"}]
[null,null,"Freight and distribution method (Primary Mode)",null,"Primary Mode",{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$78,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$84)","v":"Ship"},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$78,'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$84)","v":"Ship"}]
[null,null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Primary Mode)",null,"Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$79,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$85)","v":0.83690835669069774},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$79,'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$85)","v":0.83690835669069774}]
[null,null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by primary mode",null,"miles/mode",{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$80,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$86)","v":4000},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$80,'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$86)","v":4000}]
[null,null,"Freight and distribution method (Secondary Mode)",null,"Secondary Mode",{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$81,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$87)","v":"Long-Distance Truck"},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$81,'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$87)","v":"Long-Distance Truck"}]
[null,null,"Freight and distribution average energy use (Secondary Mode)",null,"Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$82,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$88)","v":3.0627328334267716},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$82,'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$88)","v":3.0627328334267716}]
[null,null,"Average freight and distribution distance travelled by a part by secondary mode",null,"miles/mode",{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (1)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$83,'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$89)","v":250},{"$f":"IF('AM Calculator (2)'!$D$77=\"Simple\", 'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$83,'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$89)","v":250}]
[]
[null,"Use Phase","If the use phase is in transportation sector:"]
[null,null,"Typical life-span of the product manufactured using conventional method",null,{"$f":"'CM Calculator'!$C$57","v":"Years"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$91","v":30},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$91","v":30}]
[null,null,"Sector/application area where this part is being used",null,null,{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$92","v":"Transportation"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$92","v":"Transportation"}]
[null,null,"Fuel and mobility type",null,null,{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$95","v":"Short haul aircraft - Kerosene"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$95","v":"Long haul aircraft - Kerosene"}]
[null,null,"Average energy use",null,"Btu/lb.mile",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$96","v":2.1822377762},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$96","v":2.1822377762}]
[null,null,"Distance travelled per day",null,"miles/day",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$97","v":2485.4850000000001},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$97","v":2485.4850000000001}]
[null,null,"Usage",null,"days/year",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$98","v":200},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$98","v":200}]
[null,null,"If the use phase is in other sectors: "]
[null,null,"Does this product require energy to perform its function?",null,null,{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$103","v":"Yes"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$103","v":"No"}]
[null,null,"Energy conversion type",null,null,{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$104","v":"Fossil fuel to Mechanical"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$104","v":"Fossil fuel to Mechanical"}]
[null,null,"Average power drawn by the system while in operation",null,"KW",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$105","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$105","v":0}]
[null,null,"Improvement in system efficiency from scenario 1 to 2 (only used while comparing CM and AM scenarios)",null,"%",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$106","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$106","v":0}]
[null,null,"Approximate Usage (days per year)",null,"days/year",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$107","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$107","v":0}]
[null,null,"Approximate Usage (hours per day)",null,"hr/day",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$108","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$108","v":0}]
[]
[null,"Disposal (End of Life)","PRIMARY disposal method for material # 1",null,null,{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$110","v":"Landfill"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$110","v":"Closed-loop Recycling"}]
[null,null,"Fraction of material # 1 disposed through the selected PRIMARY disposal method",null,"% of final part mass",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$111","v":1},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$111","v":0.8}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$112","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$112","v":0}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$113","v":18271.727500000001},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$113","v":18271.727500000001}]
[null,null,"SECONDARY disposal method for material # 1",null,"Select",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$114","v":"Landfill"},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$114","v":"Landfill"}]
[null,null,"Fraction of material # 1 disposed through the selected SECONDARY disposal method",null,"% of final part mass",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$115","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$115","v":0.19999999999999996}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$116","v":0},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$116","v":0}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 1 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$117","v":18271.727500000001},{"$f":"'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$117","v":18271.727500000001}]
[]
[null,null,"PRIMARY disposal method for material # 2",null,null,{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$119)","v":"Open-loop Recycling"},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$119)","v":"Open-loop Recycling"}]
[null,null,"Fraction of material # 2 disposed through the selected PRIMARY disposal method",null,"% of final part mass",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$120)","v":0.9},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$120)","v":0.9}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$121)","v":-34393.839999999997},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$121)","v":-34393.839999999997}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (PRIMARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$122)","v":1000},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$122)","v":1000}]
[null,null,"SECONDARY disposal method for material # 2",null,"Select",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$123)","v":"Abandon in Place"},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$123)","v":"Abandon in Place"}]
[null,null,"Fraction of material # 2 disposed through the selected SECONDARY disposal method",null,"% of final part mass",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$124)","v":9.9999999999999978E-2},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$124)","v":9.9999999999999978E-2}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable only if open or closed-loop recycling selected - calculated)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$125)","v":-34393.839999999997},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$125)","v":-34393.839999999997}]
[null,null,"Disposal energy use per unit mass (SECONDARY Disposal Method) - material # 2 (applicable for all other disposal methods except open or closed-loop recycling - user input)",null,"Btu/lb",{"$f":"IF($F$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (1)'!$D$126)","v":1000},{"$f":"IF($G$40=1,\"NA\",'AM Calculator (2)'!$D$126)","v":1000}]

{"sheet":"Embodied Energy - Material","index":9,"n_rows":85,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":85,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Material","Material Embodied Energy (MJ/kg)\n(Primary or Virgin)","Material Embodied Energy (MJ/kg)\n(Secondary or Recycled)","Material Embodied Energy (Btu/lb)\n(Primary or Virgin)","Material Embodied Energy (Btu/lb)\n(Secondary or Recycled)","Source"]
["Select",0,{"$f":"0.75*'Embodied Energy - Material'!$B2","v":0},{"$f":"B2*429.923","v":0},{"$f":"C2*429.923","v":0},"NA",null,null,"Data not available"]
["None",0,0,{"$f":"B3*429.923","v":0},{"$f":"C3*429.923","v":0},"NA",null,null,"Derived or calculated"]
["Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) - Extruded Filament",95,{"$f":"(C5/B5)*B4","v":46.746031746031747},{"$f":"B4*429.923","v":40842.684999999998},{"$f":"C4*429.923","v":20097.194206349206},"9 & 1",null,"1 MJ/kg = 429.923 Btu/lb"]
["Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) - Pellets",{"$f":"(90+99)/2","v":94.5},{"$f":"(42+51)/2","v":46.5},40627.7235,19991.4195,1]
["Aluminum",{"$f":"(200+220)/2","v":210},{"$f":"(22+30)/2","v":26},90283.83,11177.998,1]
["Aluminum alloys",{"$f":"(200+220)/2","v":210},{"$f":"(22+30)/2","v":26},{"$f":"B7*429.923","v":90283.83},{"$f":"C7*429.923","v":11177.998},1]
["Blended PC-ABS - Extruded Filament",107,"NA",46001.760999999999,"NA",9]
["Blended PC-ABS - Pellets",103,"NA",44282.069000000003,"NA",9]
["Cast Aluminum (Primary, average)",58,23,24935.534,9888.2289999999994,1]
["Cast iron, ductile",{"$f":"(16+20)/2","v":18},{"$f":"(10+11)/2","v":10.5},{"$f":"B11*429.923","v":7738.6139999999996},{"$f":"C11*429.923","v":4514.1914999999999},1]
["Carbon fiber (polyolefin-based)",388,388,166810.12400000001,166810.12400000001,1]
["Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)",{"$f":"(450+500)/2","v":475},{"$f":"(450+500)/2","v":475},204213.42499999999,204213.42499999999,1]
["Cobalt-chromium alloys",370,{"$f":"(C23/B23)*B14","v":67.27272727272728},159071.51,28922.092727272731,1]
["Copper alloys",{"$f":"(56+62)/2","v":59},{"$f":"(12+15)/2","v":13.5},{"$f":"B15*429.923","v":25365.456999999999},{"$f":"C15*429.923","v":5803.9605000000001},1]
["Glass, soda-lime",{"$f":"(10+11)/2","v":10.5},{"$f":"(7.4+9)/2","v":8.1999999999999993},4514.1914999999999,3525.3685999999998,1]
["Glass, borosilicate (Pyrex)",{"$f":"(27+30)/2","v":28.5},{"$f":"(20+23)/2","v":21.5},{"$f":"B17*429.923","v":12252.8055},{"$f":"C17*429.923","v":9243.3444999999992},1]
["Glass fiber",{"$f":"(62.2+68.8)/2","v":65.5},{"$f":"B18","v":65.5},{"$f":"B18*429.923","v":28159.9565},{"$f":"C18*429.923","v":28159.9565},1]
["Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)",{"$f":"(107+118)/2","v":112.5},{"$f":"(107+118)/2","v":112.5},48366.337500000001,48366.337500000001,1]
["Gold",{"$f":"(240000+265000)/2","v":252500},{"$f":"(650+719)/2","v":684.5},108555557.5,294282.29350000003,1]
["Lead alloys",{"$f":"(26+28)/2","v":27},{"$f":"(6.7+8.2)/2","v":7.4499999999999993},{"$f":"B21*429.923","v":11607.921},{"$f":"C21*429.923","v":3202.9263499999997},1]
["Magnesium Alloys",{"$f":"(300+330)/2","v":315},{"$f":"(23+26)/2","v":24.5},135425.745,10533.113499999999,1]
["Nickel-chromium alloys",{"$f":"(173+190)/2","v":181.5},{"$f":"(30+36)/2","v":33},{"$f":"B23*429.923","v":78031.0245},{"$f":"C23*429.923","v":14187.459000000001},1]
["Nickel-based super alloys",{"$f":"(221+244)/2","v":232.5},{"$f":"(33.8+37.5)/2","v":35.65},{"$f":"B24*429.923","v":99957.097500000003},{"$f":"C24*429.923","v":15326.754949999999},1]
["Phenolics",{"$f":"(75+83)/2","v":79},{"$f":"B25","v":79},{"$f":"B25*429.923","v":33963.917000000001},{"$f":"C25*429.923","v":33963.917000000001},1]
["Polyamide (nylon)",{"$f":"(116+129)/2","v":122.5},{"$f":"(38+47)/2","v":42.5},52665.567499999997,18271.727500000001,7]
["Polycarbonate (PC) - Extruded Filament",114,{"$f":"(C28/B28)*B27","v":44.654377880184335},49011.222000000002,19197.944101382491,"9 & 1"]
["Polycarbonate (PC) - Pellets",{"$f":"(103+114)/2","v":108.5},{"$f":"(38+47)/2","v":42.5},46646.645499999999,18271.727500000001,1]
["Polyethylene (PE)",{"$f":"(77+85)/2","v":81},{"$f":"(45+55)/2","v":50},{"$f":"B29*429.923","v":34823.762999999999},{"$f":"C29*429.923","v":21496.15},1]
["Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU or PPSF) - Extruded Filament",175,"NA",75236.524999999994,"NA",9]
["Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU or PPSF) - Pellets",170,"NA",73086.91,"NA",9]
["Polypropylene",{"$f":"(75+83)/2","v":79},{"$f":"(45+55)/2","v":50},33963.917000000001,21496.15,1]
["Polystyrene",{"$f":"(92+102)/2","v":97},{"$f":"(43+52)/2","v":47.5},41702.531000000003,20421.342499999999,1]
["PrimePart FR (PA 2241 FR)",96.5,"NA",41487.569499999998,"NA",7]
["PrimePart ST (PEBA)",96.5,"NA",41487.569499999998,"NA",7]
["Rubber, natural",{"$f":"(64+71)/2","v":67.5},{"$f":"B36","v":67.5},29019.802500000002,29019.802500000002,1]
["Silver",{"$f":"(1400+1550)/2","v":1475},{"$f":"(140+170)/2","v":155},634136.42500000005,66638.065000000002,1]
["Steel, low carbon",{"$f":"(25+28)/2","v":26.5},{"$f":"(6.6+8)/2","v":7.3},{"$f":"B38*429.923","v":11392.959500000001},{"$f":"C38*429.923","v":3138.4378999999999},1]
["Steel, low alloy",{"$f":"(31+34)/2","v":32.5},{"$f":"(7.7+9.5)/2","v":8.6},13972.497499999999,3697.3377999999998,1]
["Stainless steel",{"$f":"(81+88)/2","v":84.5},{"$f":"(11+13)/2","v":12},36328.493499999997,5159.076,1]
["Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)",612.5,{"$f":"(78+96)/2","v":87},263327.83750000002,37403.300999999999,1]
["Titanium alloy powder (Ti-6Al-4V)",{"$f":"B41+14.8","v":627.29999999999995},{"$f":"((78+96)/2)+(B42-B41)","v":101.79999999999995},269690.69789999997,43766.161399999983,"Ti alloy + atomization (14.8 MJ/kg)"]
["ULTEM 9085 - Extruded Filament",136,{"$f":"B43","v":136},58469.527999999998,58469.527999999998,9]
["ULTEM 9085 - Pellets",131,{"$f":"B44","v":131},56319.913,56319.913,9]
["Zinc",51,{"$f":"(C46/B46)*B45","v":9.35},{"$f":"B45*429.923","v":21926.073},{"$f":"C45*429.923","v":4019.7800499999998},2]
["Zinc die-casting alloys",{"$f":"(57+63)/2","v":60},{"$f":"(10+12)/2","v":11},{"$f":"B46*429.923","v":25795.38},{"$f":"C46*429.923","v":4729.1530000000002},1]
["User Defined 1",null,null,0,0,"User defined"]
["User Defined 2",null,null,0,0,"User defined"]
["User Defined 3",null,null,0,0,"User defined"]
["User Defined 4",null,null,0,0,"User defined"]
["User Defined 5",null,null,0,0,"User defined"]
["User Defined 6",null,null,0,0,"User defined"]
["User Defined 7",null,null,0,0,"User defined"]
["User Defined 8",null,null,0,0,"User defined"]
["User Defined 9",null,null,0,0,"User defined"]
["User Defined 10",null,null,0,0,"User defined"]
[]
["Sources: see the reference tab for more details."]
["1.      [M. ASHBY]"]
["2.      [VICTORIA]"]
["3.      [KEOUGH 2011]"]
["4.      [ATKINS 2011]"]
["5.      [HAMMOND & JONES 2011]"]
["6.      [GHENAI 2012]"]
["7.      [PENN STATE]"]
["8.      [STODOLSKY & VYAS 1995]"]
["9.      [STRATASYS 2010]"]
[]
[]
["Cutting Tool Materials Embodied Energy:"]
["Raw Material","Raw Material Embodied Energy (MJ/kg)\n(Primary or Virgin)","Raw Material Embodied Energy (Btu/lb)\n(Primary or Virgin)","Source"]
["Select",0,{"$f":"B72*429.923","v":0},"NA"]
["None",0,{"$f":"B73*429.923","v":0},"NA"]
["Carbon tool steels",32.5,13972.497499999999,3]
["High speed steel (HSS)",84.5,36328.493499999997,3]
["Cast cobalt alloys",{"$f":"(80+295)/2","v":187.5},80610.5625,2]
["Cemented carbide",{"$f":"(750+1250)/2","v":1000},429923,2]
["Ceramics (alumina, silicon nitride, silicon carbide)",{"$f":"(750+1250)/2","v":1000},429923,2]
["Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN)",{"$f":"(200+300)/2","v":250},107480.75,2]
["Tungsten Carbide (WC)",400,171969.2,1]
[]
["Sources: see the reference tab for more details."]
["1.      [DAHMUS 2004]"]
["2.      [AZOM]"]
["3.   [M. ASHBY]"]

{"sheet":"Embodied Energy - Process","index":10,"n_rows":101,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":101,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[58,4,59,4],[60,4,61,4],[62,4,63,4],[1,3,15,3],[19,3,33,3],[79,5,94,5],[54,0,55,0],[56,0,57,0],[56,3,57,3],[58,0,59,0],[58,3,59,3],[60,0,61,0],[60,3,61,3],[62,0,63,0],[64,0,65,0],[54,3,55,3],[62,3,63,3],[64,3,65,3],[64,4,65,4],[54,4,55,4],[56,4,57,4]]}
["Primary shaping processes","Average Energy Intensity (MJ/kg)","Average Energy Intensity (Btu/lb)","Data Source"]
["None",0,{"$f":"B2*429.923","v":0},"[M. ASHBY]","1 MJ/kg = 429.923 Btu/lb"]
["Metals - Casting",{"$f":"(8+12)/2","v":10},{"$f":"B3*429.923","v":4299.2299999999996}]
["Metals - Rough rolling, forging",{"$f":"(3+5)/2","v":4},1719.692]
["Metals - Extrusion, foil rolling",{"$f":"(10+20)/2","v":15},6448.8450000000003]
["Metals - Wire drawing",{"$f":"(20+40)/2","v":30},12897.69]
["Metals - Metal powder forming",{"$f":"(20+30)/2","v":25},10748.075000000001]
["Metals - Vapor phase methods",{"$f":"(40+60)/2","v":50},21496.15]
["Polymers - Extrusion",{"$f":"(3.1+5.4)/2","v":4.25},1827.17275]
["Polymers - Molding",{"$f":"(11+27)/2","v":19},8168.5370000000003]
["Ceramic powder form",{"$f":"(20+30)/2","v":25},10748.075000000001]
["Glass molding",{"$f":"(2+4)/2","v":3},1289.769]
["Hybrids - Compression molding",{"$f":"(11+16)/2","v":13.5},5803.9605000000001]
["Hybrids - Spray/Lay up",{"$f":"(14+18)/2","v":16},6878.768]
["Hybrids - Filament winding",{"$f":"(2.7+4)/2","v":3.35},1440.2420500000001]
["Hybrids - Autoclave molding",{"$f":"(100+300)/2","v":200},85984.6]
["Other Primary Process",null,{"$f":"B17*429.923","v":0},"User defined"]
[]
["Secondary Processes","Average Energy Intensity (MJ/kg)","Average Energy Intensity (Btu/lb)","Data Source"]
["None",0,{"$f":"B20*429.923","v":0},"[M. ASHBY]"]
["Machining - Heavy",{"$f":"(0.8+2.5)/2","v":1.65},{"$f":"B21*429.923","v":709.37294999999995}]
["Machining - Finishing (light)",{"$f":"(6+10)/2","v":8},3439.384]
["Machining - Grinding",{"$f":"(25+35)/2","v":30},12897.69]
["Machining - Water jet, EDM, Laser",{"$f":"(500+5000)/2","v":2750},1182288.25]
["Joining - Gas welding",{"$f":"(1+2.8)/2","v":1.9},816.8537]
["Joining - Electric welding",{"$f":"(1.7+3.5)/2","v":2.6},1117.7998]
["Joining - Fasteners, small",{"$f":"(0.02+0.04)/2","v":0.03},12.897689999999999]
["Joining - Fasteners, large",{"$f":"(0.05+0.1)/2","v":7.5000000000000011E-2},32.244225000000007]
["Joining - Adhesives, cold",{"$f":"(7+14)/2","v":10.5},4514.1914999999999]
["Joining - Adhesives, heat-curing",{"$f":"(18+40)/2","v":29},12467.767]
["Painting - Painting",{"$f":"(50+60)/2","v":55},23645.764999999999]
["Painting - Baked coatings",{"$f":"(60+70)/2","v":65},27944.994999999999]
["Painting - Powder coating",{"$f":"(67+86)/2","v":76.5},32889.109499999999]
["Electroplating",{"$f":"(80+100)/2","v":90},38693.07]
["Other Secondary Process",null,{"$f":"B35*429.923","v":0},"User defined"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"Dummy Data"]
[]
["Additive Manufacturing Processes","Average Energy Intensity (MJ/kg)","Average Energy Intensity (Btu/lb)","Data Source"]
["None",0,{"$f":"B40*429.923","v":0}]
["Powder Bed Fusion Processes (average)",{"$f":"AVERAGE(B42:B44)","v":131.83166666666668},{"$f":"B41*429.923","v":56677.465628333339},"Average (Calculated)"]
["Selective Laser Melting (SLM)",{"$f":"(96.82+139.5)/2","v":118.16},50799.701679999998,2]
["Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS)",{"$f":"(115.2+201.6)/2","v":158.4},68099.803200000009,2]
["Electron Beam Melting (EBM)",{"$f":"(61.2+176.67)/2","v":118.935},51132.892005000002,2]
["Directed Energy Deposition Processes (average)",{"$f":"AVERAGE(B46:B49)","v":118.19499999999999},50814.748984999998,"Average (Calculated)"]
["Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)",{"$f":"(52.2+144.32)/2","v":98.259999999999991},42244.233979999997,"Assumed (equal to DMD)"]
["Direct Metal Deposition (DMD)",{"$f":"(52.2+144.32)/2","v":98.259999999999991},42244.233979999997,2]
["Direct Manufacturing (DM)",{"$f":"(52.2+144.32)/2","v":98.259999999999991},42244.233979999997,"Assumed (equal to DMD)"]
["Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Polymers ",178,76526.293999999994,3]
["Other AM Process",null,0,"User defined"]
[]
["This is a chart based on the 7 Process Categories by ASTM F42 (Kelly's email: 09/05/2013)."]
["Process Type","Ex. Companies","Materials","Average Energy Intensity (MJ/kg)","Average Energy Intensity (Btu/lb)"]
["Powder Bed Fusion","EOS (Germany), 3D Systems (US), Arcam (Sweden)","Metals, Polymers"]
["Directed Energy Deposition","Optomec (US), ","Metals"]
[null,"POM (US)"]
["Material Extrusion","Stratasys (Israel), ","Polymers"]
[null,"Bits from Bytes (UK)"]
["Vat Photopolymerization","3D Systems (US), ","Photopolymers"]
[null,"Envisiontec (Germany)"]
["Binder Jetting","3D Systems (US), ","Polymers, Foundry Sand, Metals"]
[null,"ExOne (US)"]
["Material Jetting","Objet (Israel), ","Polymers, Waxes"]
[null,"3D Systems (US) "]
["Sheet Lamination","Fabrisonic (US), ","Paper, Metals"]
[null,"Mcor (Ireland)"]
[]
["Heat Load MJ/hr"]
["Additive Manufacturing Processes","Material Type (1)","Material Type (2)","Material Type (3)","Average"]
["Selective Laser Melting (SLM)"]
["Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS)"]
["Electron Beam Melting (EBM)"]
["Laser Sintering (LS)"]
["Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Polymers ",{"$f":"26000/$B$77","v":27.43145216812918},{"$f":"18000/$B$77","v":18.991005347166354},{"$f":"12000/B77","v":12.660670231444236},{"$f":"AVERAGE('Embodied Energy - Process'!$B74:$D74)","v":19.694375915579922}]
["Other AM Process","User Input"]
[]
["1 MJ",947.81712031300003]
[]
["Technology","Machines","Materials","Average Energy Intensity (MJ/kg)","Average Energy Intensity (Btu/lb)","Data Source"]
["Stereolithography","SLA-250","Epoxy resin (SLA 5170)",116.928,{"$f":"D80*429.923","v":50270.036544000002},4]
[null,"SLA-3000","Epoxy resin (SLA 5170)",149.07599999999999,{"$f":"D81*429.923","v":64091.201148}]
[null,"SLA-5000","Epoxy resin (SLA 5170)",74.52,32037.861959999998]
["Selective Laser Sintering","Sinterstation DTM 2000","Polyamide",144.036,61924.389228]
[null,"Sinterstation DTM 2500","Polyamide",107.172,46075.707755999996]
[null,"Vanguard HiQ","Polyamide",52.344000000000001,22503.889512000002]
[null,"EOSINT (M250 Xtended)","Metalic Powder (Bronze + Ni)",19.476000000000003,8373.1803480000017]
[null,"EOSINT (P760)","Polyamide PA2200 Balance 1.0",131.4,56491.8822]
[null,null,"Polyamide PA2200 Speed 1.1",143.28,61599.367440000002]
[null,null,"Polyamide PA3200GF",94.68,40705.109640000002]
["Fused Deposition Modeling","FDM 1650","ABS Plastic",1247.1480000000001,536177.60960400011]
[null,"FDM 2000","ABS Plastic",415.72800000000001,178731.02894399999]
[null,"FDM 8000","ABS Plastic",83.160000000000011,35752.396680000005]
[null,"FDM Quantum","ABS Plastic",727.524,312779.30065200001]
["Selective Laser Melting","MTT SLM 250","Metalic Powder SAE 316L",111.60000000000001,47979.406800000004]
["Electron Beam Melting","Arcam A1","Metalic Powder Ti-6Al-4V",61.2,26311.2876]
[]
[]
["Sources: see the reference tab for more details."]
["1.      [BAUMERS 2013]"]
["2.      [STRATASYS 2010]"]
["3.   [BOURHIS 2013]"]

{"sheet":"Freight or Transportation","index":11,"n_rows":48,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":48,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[44,0,44,2]]}
[]
["Cargo Emissions","Energy Consumption","Fuel Consumption","Energy Consumption",null,"Source:"]
["WWEST","MJ/kg/km","gal/kg/km","Btu/lb/mile"]
["Local Truck",1.2199560495509985E-2,3.4743534407695026E-5,{"$f":"B4*691.8953","v":8.4408185689090303},null,"OECD 1997"]
["Long-Distance Truck",4.4265842439264605E-3,1.2606616610821692E-5,{"$f":"B5*691.8953","v":3.0627328334267716},null,"Facanha 2007"]
["Ship",1.2095881511128891E-3,3.4448263577034742E-6,0.83690835669069774,null,"OECD 1997"]
["Train",9.4686293987731999E-4,2.6966024835982165E-6,0.65513001784530034,null,"Facanha 2007"]
["Airplane",3.5779995884533053E-2,9.7143752655021764E-5,24.756010986527762,null,"Facanha 2007 "]
["OECD. 1997. The Environmental Effects of Freight. Table 9. Truck Air Pollution Emission Factors, in grams/tonne-km  Available at  http://www1.oecd.org/ech/pub/TRANSP4.PDF (2003)"]
["Facanha, C., and Horvath, A. (2007). \"Evaluation of life-cycle air emission factors of freight transportation.\" Environmental Science & Technology, 41(20), 7138-7144."]
[]
["More Cargo Emission ","Energy Intensity","Energy Intensity","Energy Intensity"]
["Strogen, 2012 (for shipping liquid fuels or feedstocks)","kJ/t-km","MJ/kg/km","Btu/lb/mile"]
["Train 100-unit",268,{"$f":"B14/1000000","v":2.6800000000000001E-4},{"$f":"C14*691.8953","v":0.18542794040000002}]
["Truck, Long-Haul Tanker",1217,{"$f":"B15/1000000","v":1.217E-3},{"$f":"C15*691.8953","v":0.84203658010000004}]
["Truck, Short-Haul Tanker",1537,1.537E-3,1.0634430761]
["Truck, Short-Haul Flatbed",1780,1.7799999999999999E-3,1.2315736339999999]
[]
["Strogen and Horvath. 2012. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Construction, Manufacturing, Operation and\nMaintenance of US Distribution Infrastructure for Petroleum and Biofuels"]
[]
["Table: The approximate energy of transportation"]
["Source: [M. ASHBY]"]
["Transportation Type","Energy (MJ/kg. Km)","Energy (Btu/lb.mile)"]
["Ocean shipping - Diesel",1.6000000000000001E-4,{"$f":"B24*691.8953","v":0.11070324800000002},null,"1 MJ/kg = 429.923 Btu/lb"]
["Coastal shipping - Diesel",2.7E-4,{"$f":"B25*691.8953","v":0.18681173100000001},null,"1 km = 0.62137 mi "]
["Barge - Diesel",3.5999999999999997E-4,0.24908230799999997,null,"1 MJ/kg/km = 691.8953 Btu/lb/mile"]
["Rail - Diesel",2.5000000000000001E-4,0.172973825]
["Articulated HGV (up to 55 metric tons) - Diesel",7.0999999999999991E-4,0.49124566299999994]
["40 metric ton truck - Diesel",8.1999999999999998E-4,0.567354146]
["32 metric ton truck - Diesel",9.3999999999999997E-4,0.65038158199999996]
["14 metric ton truck - Diesel",1.5E-3,1.0378429500000002]
["Light goods vehicle - Diesel",2.5000000000000001E-3,1.72973825]
["Family car - Diesel",1.6999999999999999E-3,1.17622201]
["Family car - Gasoline",2.5999999999999999E-3,1.7989277799999999]
["Family car - LPG",3.8999999999999998E-3,2.6983916699999999]
["Family car - Hybrid gasoline-electric",1.5499999999999999E-3,1.072437715]
["Super sports car and SUV - Gasoline",4.7999999999999996E-3,3.32109744]
["Long haul aircraft - Kerosene",6.4999999999999997E-3,4.49731945]
["Short haul aircraft - Kerosene",1.2999999999999999E-2,8.9946389]
["Helicopter (Eurocopter AS 350) - Kerosene",5.5E-2,38.054241500000003]
["Spacecraft",200,{"$f":"B41*429.923","v":85984.6}]
[]
["Transportation Type","Energy (MJ/kg)","Energy (Btu/lb)"]
["Spacecraft",200,{"$f":"B44*429.923","v":85984.6}]
["Note: NASA's space shuttle fires its engines for around 8.5 minutes, consuming 1,000 tons of solid propellant (containing 16% aluminium) and an additional 2,000,000 litres of liquid propellant (106,261 kg of liquid hydrogen) to lift the 100,000 kg vehicle (including the 25,000 kg payload) to an altitude of 111 km and an orbital velocity of 30,000 km/h. With a specific energy of 31MJ/kg for aluminum and 143 MJ/kg for liquid hydrogen, the vehicle consumes around 5 TJ of solid propellant and 15 TJ of hydrogen fuel."]
["Sources: see the reference tab for more details."]
["1.      [STROGEN & HORVATH 2013]"]
["2.      [M. ASHBY]"]

{"sheet":"Recycling - End of Life","index":12,"n_rows":57,"n_cols":24,"rows_kept":57,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[]}
["Source: Life-Cycle Assessment, Inventory Guidelines and Principles, B. W. Vigon et. al."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Material","Material Type","Low","High","Embodied Energy, Recycling (MJ/kg)","Embodied Energy, Recycling (Btu/lb)","Low","High","Recycle fraction in current supply (%)"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Regular Steel","Metals and alloys",6.6,8,{"$f":"AVERAGE(O3:P3)","v":7.3},{"$f":"Q3*429.923","v":3138.4378999999999},0.4,0.44,{"$f":"AVERAGE(S3:T3)","v":0.42000000000000004},null,"1 MJ/kg = 429.923 Btu/lb"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Low-alloy steel","Metals and alloys",7.7,9.5,{"$f":"AVERAGE(O4:P4)","v":8.6},{"$f":"Q4*429.923","v":3697.3377999999998},0.4,0.44,{"$f":"AVERAGE(S4:T4)","v":0.42000000000000004},null,"1 km = 0.62137 mi "]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Stainless steels","Metals and alloys",11,13,12,5159.076,0.35,0.4,0.375,null,"1 MJ/kg/km = 691.8953 Btu/lb/mile"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Iron Casting","Metals and alloys",10,11,10.5,4514.1914999999999,0.66,0.72,0.69]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cast Aluminum (Primary, average)","Metals and alloys",22,30,26,11177.998,0.41,0.45,0.43]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Magnesium Alloys","Metals and alloys",23,26,24.5,10533.113499999999,0.36,0.41,0.38500000000000001]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)","Metals and alloys",78,96,87,37403.300999999999,0.21,0.24,0.22499999999999998]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Titanium alloy powder (Ti-6Al-4V)","Metals and alloys",78,96,{"$f":"AVERAGE(O10:P10)","v":87},37403.300999999999,0.21,0.24,{"$f":"AVERAGE(S10:T10)","v":0.22499999999999998}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Copper & Brass","Metals and alloys",12,15,13.5,5803.9605000000001,0.4,0.45,0.42500000000000004]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lead","Metals and alloys",6.7,8.1999999999999993,7.4499999999999993,3202.9263499999997,0.69,0.76,0.72499999999999998]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Zinc","Metals and alloys",10,12,11,4729.1530000000002,0.21,0.25,0.22999999999999998]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Cobalt-chromium alloys","Metals and alloys",30,36,33,14187.459000000001,0.28999999999999998,0.32,0.30499999999999999]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Nickel-based alloys (Inconel 625, 690, 718, and 738)","Metals and alloys",33.799999999999997,37.5,35.65,15326.754949999999,0.22,0.26,0.24]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Silver","Metals and alloys",140,170,155,66638.065000000002,0.65,0.67,0.66]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gold","Metals and alloys",650,719,684.5,294282.29350000003,0.4,0.44,0.42000000000000004]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"ABS","Polymers and elastomers",42,51,46.5,19991.4195,3.7999999999999999E-2,4.2000000000000003E-2,0.04]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Polyamide (nylon)","Polymers and elastomers",38,47,42.5,18271.727500000001,5.0000000000000001E-3,0.01,7.4999999999999997E-3]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Polypropylene","Polymers and elastomers",45,55,50,21496.15,0.05,0.06,5.5E-2]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Polyethylene, PE","Polymers and elastomers",45,55,50,21496.15,0.08,9.5000000000000001E-2,8.7499999999999994E-2]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Polycarbonate, PC","Polymers and elastomers",38,47,42.5,18271.727500000001,5.0000000000000001E-3,0.01,7.4999999999999997E-3]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"PET","Polymers and elastomers",35,43,39,16766.996999999999,0.2,0.22,0.21000000000000002]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"PVC","Polymers and elastomers",32,40,36,15477.227999999999,1.4999999999999999E-2,0.02,1.7500000000000002E-2]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Polystyrene","Polymers and elastomers",43,52,47.5,20421.342499999999,0.05,0.06,5.5E-2]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Polyactide, PLA","Polymers and elastomers",33,40,36.5,15692.1895,5.0000000000000001E-3,0.01,7.4999999999999997E-3]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"PHB","Polymers and elastomers",35,43,39,16766.996999999999,5.0000000000000001E-3,0.01,7.4999999999999997E-3]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"ULTEM 9085 - Raw Material","Polymers and elastomers",38,47,{"$f":"AVERAGE(O28:P28)","v":42.5},18271.727500000001,5.0000000000000001E-3,0.01,{"$f":"AVERAGE(S28:T28)","v":7.4999999999999997E-3},null,null,"Assumed data"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"ULTEM 9085 - Extruded Filament","Polymers and elastomers",38,47,{"$f":"AVERAGE(O29:P29)","v":42.5},18271.727500000001,5.0000000000000001E-3,0.01,{"$f":"AVERAGE(S29:T29)","v":7.4999999999999997E-3}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"PrimePart FR (PA 2241 FR)","Polymers and elastomers",38,47,42.5,18271.727500000001,5.0000000000000001E-3,0.01,7.4999999999999997E-3]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"PrimePart ST (PEBA)","Polymers and elastomers",38,47,42.5,18271.727500000001,5.0000000000000001E-3,0.01,7.4999999999999997E-3]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Epoxy","Polymers and elastomers",0,0,{"$f":"AVERAGE(O32:P32)","v":0},0,0,0,{"$f":"AVERAGE(S32:T32)","v":0}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Polyester","Polymers and elastomers",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Phenolic","Polymers and elastomers",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Rubber","Polymers and elastomers",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Butyl rubber, BR","Polymers and elastomers",0,0,0,0,0.02,4.1000000000000002E-2,3.0499999999999999E-2]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"EVA","Polymers and elastomers",42,52,47,20206.381000000001,0.06,0.1,0.08]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Polychloroprene, CR","Polymers and elastomers",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Brick","Ceramics and glasses",0,0,0,0,0.15,0.2,0.17499999999999999]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Stone","Ceramics and glasses",0,0,0,0,0.01,0.02,1.4999999999999999E-2]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Concrete","Ceramics and glasses",0.7,0.8,0.75,322.44225,0.125,0.15,0.13750000000000001]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Alumina","Ceramics and glasses",0,0,0,0,5.0000000000000001E-3,0.01,7.4999999999999997E-3]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Soda-lime glass","Ceramics and glasses",7.4,9,8.1999999999999993,3525.3685999999998,0.22,0.26,0.24]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Borosilicate glass","Ceramics and glasses",20,23,21.5,9243.3444999999992,0.18,0.23,0.20500000000000002]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"CFRP","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"GFRP","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Sheet molding compound","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Bulk molding compound","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Furan-based composites","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Rigid polymer foam","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Flexible polymer foam","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Softwood, along grain","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0.08,0.1,0.09]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Softwood, across grain","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0.08,0.1,0.09]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Hardwood, along grain","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0.08,0.1,0.09]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Hardwood, across grain","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0.08,0.1,0.09]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Plywood","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",0,0,0,0,0.01,0.02,1.4999999999999999E-2]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Paper and cardboard","Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper",18,21,19.5,8383.4984999999997,0.7,0.74,0.72]

{"sheet":"Units and Tables","index":13,"n_rows":63,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":63,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[[0,0,0,2]]}
["Unit Conversions"]
["1 MJ/kg",{"$f":"429.923/1000000","v":4.2992300000000002E-4},"MMBtu/lb"]
["1 MJ",9.4708628903179002E-4,"MMBtu",null,{"$f":"(4*B3)*1000000","v":3788.34515612716}]
["1 kg",2.2046199999999998,"lb"]
["1 watt",3.4119999999999999,"BTU/hr"]
["1 mm",1E-3,"m"]
["1 mm",3.9E-2,"inches"]
["1 kg",2.2040000000000002,"lb"]
["1 kW",56.91,"BTU/minute"]
["1 cm3",9.9999999999999995E-7,"m3"]
["1 cm3",6.0999999999999999E-2,"inch3"]
["1 MJ",948,"BTU"]
["1 MJ/kg/km",{"$f":"691.8953/1000000","v":6.9189529999999998E-4},"MMBtu/lb/mile"]
[]
[null,"Method",null,"Material_Type"]
[null,"Select",null,"Select"]
[null,"Simple",null,"Metals and alloys"]
[null,"Intermediate",null,"Polymers and elastomers"]
[null,"Advanced",null,"Ceramics and glasses"]
[null,null,null,"Hybrids: Composites, foams, wood, and paper"]
[null,"Machine_Model"]
[null,"Select "]
[null,"Model A"]
[null,"Model B"]
[null,"Model C"]
[null,"Model D"]
[]
[null,"Disposal"]
[null,"Select"]
[null,"Landfill"]
[null,"Combustion"]
[null,"Composting"]
[null,"Open-loop Recycling"]
[null,"Closed-loop Recycling"]
[null,"Abandon in Place"]
[null,"Other (Re-engineering/Reuse)"]
[]
[null,"life"]
[null,"Select"]
[null,"# of Cycles"]
[null,"Years"]
[null,"Months"]
[null,"Days"]
[]
[null,"Use_Phase"]
[null,"Select"]
[null,"Transportation"]
[null,"Transportation and Other Sector"]
[null,"Commercial Buildings"]
[null,"Residential"]
[null,"Industry"]
[]
[]
[null,"yes_no"]
[null,"May be"]
[null,"Yes"]
[null,"No"]
[]
[null,"Energy_IO"]
[null,"Electric to Thermal"]
[null,"Electric to Mechanical"]
[null,"Fossil fuel to Thermal"]
[null,"Fossil fuel to Mechanical"]

{"sheet":"Applications","index":14,"n_rows":45,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":45,"cut":false,"hidden":true,"merged":[[32,0,32,4],[40,0,40,4],[2,0,2,4],[13,0,13,4],[20,0,20,4],[26,0,26,4]]}
["Potential Case Studies"]
[null,"Weight reduction","original material","AM material","Reference"]
["Aerospace"]
["Monitor Arm",0.39500000000000002,"Al","Al","ORNL"]
["Ti6Al4V Brackets","50-80%","Ti64","Ti64","ORNL"]
["Seat Buckles",0.55000000000000004,"Ti64","Steel","SAVING project"]
["Hinge Arm Support Fitting","~60%","Al","Al","EOS"]
["Support Fitting","~60%","Al","Al","EOS"]
["Door Guide Roller","~60%","Al","Al","EOS"]
["Latch Housing","~60%","Al","Al","EOS"]
["Engine cover door hinge",0.65,"Ti64","Ti64","EADS, EOS"]
["Fuel Injection & Swirlers",0.4,null,null,"Morris Technologies, EOS"]
[]
["Automotive"]
["Pump housing","80%, 43%","Al","Al, ss316l","ORNL"]
["Wheel suspension","22% front, 35% rear","Al","Al","Rennteam, Within, EOS"]
["Compact stacking of batteries",0.4,null,"PA12","GPR, EOS"]
["Lattice structure break disk",0.25,null,"Cobait Chrome","KA RACING, EOS"]
["Drive shaft",0.7,"Steel","carbon-Ti","U of Warwick, EOS"]
[]
["Industry"]
["Gripper handling adapter",0.8,null,null,"EOS"]
["Diode clamps",null,null,null,"EOS"]
["Hydraulic block/manifold",0.7,"Steel","Maraging steel","3T, Within, EOS"]
["Heat exchanger",null,null,"Al","Within, 3T, EOS"]
[]
["Tooling","Cycle time reduction","orginal time","optimized time"]
["Injection moulding","30-50%","24s","13.8s","Polymold BKL"]
["Injection moulding",0.55000000000000004,"90s","40s","lbc"]
["Die casting",0.2,null,null,"Lbc"]
["Injection moulding",0.68,"24s","7s","EOS"]
[]
["Medical","Other"]
["Implants","Optimized patient match, Improved functionality, and reudced cost",null,null,"Within, 3T, EOS"]
[null,"Reduce time spent in hospita, minimize follow-up problems, reduce health care costs, and improve quality of life of patients",null,null,"EOS"]
["Y stet for artery branches","Post processing eliminates sharp edges. Anatomic situation of blood vessels can be reproduced in stent design",null,null,"EOS"]
["Washing rotor","Customized products and series manufacturing",null,null,"Hettich, EOS"]
["Surgical instruments","Lightweight, design for functionality",null,null,"L FHC Inc, DePuy Spine, EOS"]
["Dental coping s and Bridges",null,null,null,"EOS"]
[]
["Desing & Lifestyle","Personlization"]
["Lamp"]
["Rings & jewelry"]
["Consumer products"]
["Footwear & Sports"]

{"sheet":"Use Phase","index":15,"n_rows":31,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":31,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[24,0,24,3]]}
[]
["The approximate energy of transportation - Use Phase*"]
["Transportation Type","Energy (MJ/kg. Km)**","Energy (Btu/lb.mile)","Source"]
["Ocean shipping - Diesel",1.6000000000000001E-4,{"$f":"B4*691.8953","v":0.11070324800000002},2]
["Coastal shipping - Diesel",2.7E-4,{"$f":"B5*691.8953","v":0.18681173100000001},2,null,"1 MJ/kg = 429.923 Btu/lb"]
["Barge - Diesel",3.5999999999999997E-4,0.24908230799999997,2,null,"1 km = 0.62137 mi "]
["Rail - Diesel",{"$f":"0.3/(100*100)","v":2.9999999999999997E-5},2.0756858999999999E-2,1,null,"1 MJ/kg/km = 691.8953 Btu/lb/mile"]
["Articulated HGV (up to 55 metric tons) - Diesel",7.0999999999999991E-4,0.49124566299999994,2]
["Articulated truck",{"$f":"2.1/(100*100)","v":2.1000000000000001E-4},0.145298013,1]
["40 metric ton truck - Diesel",8.1999999999999998E-4,0.567354146,2]
["32 metric ton truck - Diesel",9.3999999999999997E-4,0.65038158199999996,2]
["14 metric ton truck - Diesel",1.5E-3,1.0378429500000002,2]
["Light goods vehicle - Diesel",2.5000000000000001E-3,1.72973825,2]
["Family car - Diesel",{"$f":"10.7/(100*100)","v":1.07E-3},0.74032797100000003,1]
["Family car - Gasoline",{"$f":"11.3/(100*100)","v":1.1300000000000001E-3},0.78184168900000017,1]
["Family car - LPG",{"$f":"11.3/(100*100)","v":1.1300000000000001E-3},0.78184168900000017,1]
["Family car - Hybrid gasoline-electric",6.3199999999999997E-4,0.4372778296,3]
["Electric vehicles",1.4899999999999999E-4,{"$f":"B18*691.8953","v":0.10309239969999999},3]
["Super sports car and SUV - Gasoline",1.0399999999999999E-3,0.71957111200000001,2]
["Airplanes (average)***",3.5100000000000001E-3,2.4285525030000001,"1,4,5"]
["Long haul aircraft - Kerosene",3.1540000000000001E-3,2.1822377762,1]
["Short haul aircraft - Kerosene",3.1540000000000001E-3,2.1822377762,1]
["Helicopter (Eurocopter AS 350) - Kerosene",5.5E-2,38.054241500000003,2]
["Spacecraft",200,{"$f":"B24*429.923","v":85984.6},4]
["Note: \n* In principle, average energy use by mobility type in the use phase should be different from the freight and distribution phase. Use phase energy numbers should be just the additional energy use associated with an increase in mass, whereas freight energy use should include not only the energy use associated with additional mass, but also a share of the baseline energy use needed to move the vehicle even if it were not carrying any weight. \n**If separate average energy use by mobility type in the use are not available, we are using average energy use from the freight and destribution phase. Those are highlighted in purple color. \n***The numbers from these sources are all in savings per aircraft (or fleets of aircraft), rather than per km traveled.  We converted to savings per km using an estimate of average miles traveled per aircraft based on Bureau of Transportation Statistics data on total aircraft miles flown in year and number of aircraft in fleet."]
["Sources: see the reference tab for more details."]
["1.      [HELMS & LAMBRECHT 2006]"]
["2.      [M. ASHBY]"]
["3.      [GEYER 2012]"]
["4.      [AMERICAN AIRLINES 2007]"]
["5.      [LUFTHANSA 2011]"]

{"sheet":"References","index":16,"n_rows":31,"n_cols":2,"rows_kept":31,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,0,0,1]]}
["REFERENCES"]
["Reference","Details"]
["AMERICAN AIRLINES 2007","\"Committed to Preserving the Wonders of Our World,\" American Airlines, Prepared by AMR, 2007. Available: http://www.aa.com/content/images/amrcorp/amrerr.pdf."]
["ATKINS 2011","The Atkins – Rapid Manufacturing a Low Carbon Footprint, http://www.atkins-project.com"]
["AZOM","AZoM.com. An Original Source of AZOM data is Granta Design Limited - www.grantadesign.com and Ceram Research Limited - www.ceram.co.uk."]
["BAUMERS 2011","“Energy Inputs to Additive Manufacturing: Does Capacity Utilization Matters?” M. Baumers, C. Tuck, R. Wildman, I. Ashcroft, R. Hague Loughborough University, August 2011. "]
["BAUMERS 2013","“Transparency Build-in, Energy Consumption and Cost Estimation for Additive Manufacturing,” Martin Baumers, Chris Tuck, et.al., Journal of Industrial Ecology, Volume 17, Issue, 3, pages 418-431, June 2013. "]
["BERGSMA 2013","“End-of-life Best Approach for Allocating Recycling Benefits in LCAs of Metal Packaging,” Geert Bergsma Maartje Sevenster, February 2013."]
["BOURHIS 2013","“Sustainable Manufacturing: Evaluation and Modeling of Environmental Impacts in Additive Manufacturing,” Florent Bourhis, et.al., International Journal for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, June 2013."]
["CEEAM 2012","Components for Energy Efficiency in Transport by Additive Manufacturing (CEEAM2012), http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/physics/research/src/res/additive."]
["DAHMUS 2004","“An Environmental Analysis of Machining,” Jeffrey B. Dahmus and Timothy G. Gutowski, 2004 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and RD&D Expo, November 13-19, 2004, Anaheim, California USA."]
["DOE AMO","U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Manufacturing Office, http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing "]
["FACANHA & HORVATH 2007","\"Evaluation of life-cycle air emission factors of freight transportation,\" Facanha, C., and Horvath, A., Environmental Science & Technology, 41(20), Pp 7138-7144, 2007."]
["GEYER 2012","“User Guide for Version 3 of the WorldAutoSteel Energy and GHG Model,” Roland Geyer, University of California at Santa Barbara, CA, On Behalf of WorldAutoSteel – World Steel Association January 6, 2012. "]
["GHENAI 2012","“Sustainable Engineering and Eco Design,” Chaouki Ghenai, Chapter in book: Sustainable Development - Energy, Engineering and Technologies - Manufacturing and Environment, 2012."]
["HAMMOND & JONES 2011","“Inventory of Carbon & Energy (ICE),” Geoff Hammond and Craig Jones, Sustainable Energy Research Team (SERT), University of Bath, UK, 2011. http://web.mit.edu/2.813/www/readings/ICEv2.pdf.old"]
["HELMS & LAMBRECHT 2006","\"The potential contribution of light-weighting to reduce transport energy consumption,\" Helms, H., and U. Lambrecht, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2006."]
["IJAMT 2013","“Sustainable Manufacturing: Evaluation and Modeling of Environmental Impacts in Additive Manufacturing,” Florent Bourhis, et.al., International Journal for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, June 2013. "]
["KEOUGH 2011","“Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) – A Green Alternative,” J. R. Keough, the American Foundry Society, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA (www.afsinc.org), 2011."]
["LUFTHANSA 2011","\"Fuel efficiency at the Lufthansa Group - Cutting costs and protecting the environment,\" Lufthansa Group, 2011. Available: http://www.lufthansagroup.com/fileadmin/downloads/en/LH-fuel-efficiency-0612.pdf."]
["M. ASHBY","Material and the Environment - Eco-Informed Material Choice, Second Edition, Michael F. Ashby."]
["MIT 2004","“An Environmental Analysis of Machining,” Jeffrey Dahmus and Timothy Gutowski, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2004 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and RD&D Expo November 13-19, 2004, Anaheim, California USA."]
["OECD 1997","“The Environmental Effects of Freight”, Table 9, Truck Air Pollution Emission Factors, in grams/tonne-km. Available at  http://www.oecd.org/trade/envtrade/2386636.pdf "]
["PENN STATE","Polymer Properties: http://engr.bd.psu.edu/rxm61/METBD470/Lectures/PolymerProperties%20from%20CES.pdf    "]
["SAVING 2009","The SAVING project (Sustainable product development via design optimization and AdditiVe manufacturING), http://www.manufacturingthefuture.co.uk.  "]
["STRATASYS 2010","“The Sustainability of Fused Deposition Modeling - Establishing the Green Credentials,” Stratasys White Paper, 2010."]
["STROGEN & HORVATH 2013","“Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Construction, Manufacturing, Operation and Maintenance of US Distribution Infrastructure for Petroleum and Biofuels,” Bret Strogen and Arpad Horvath, Journal of Infrastructure Systems, Volume 19, Issue 4, Pp 371-383, December 2013. "]
["STODOLSKY & VYAS 1995","“Life-Cycle Energy Savings Potential from Aluminum-Intensive Vehicles,” F. Stodolsky, A. Vyas, R. Cuenca, and L. Gaines, Transportation Technology R&D Center, Argonne National Laboratory, 1995. http://www.transportation.anl.gov/pdfs/TA/106.pdf"]
["UT AUSTIN 2010","“Assessing Energy Requirements and Material Flows of Selective Laser Sintering of Nylon Parts,” Telenko, C. and Seepersad, C., Solid Freeform Fabrication Proceedings; Pp 289-297, 2010."]
["VICTORIA","Embodied Energy Coefficients - Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. \nhttp://www.victoria.ac.nz/architecture/centres/cbpr/resources/pdfs/ee-coefficients.pdf"]
["VIGON 1992","Life-Cycle Assessment – Inventory Guidelines and Principles, B. W. Vigon, et.al., November 1992."]